Nicolaus Copernicus

Taswiraya Nicolaus Copernicus (mwanzo wakarne ya 16).

Nicolaus Copernicus(kwaKijerumaniNikolas Koppernigk,kwaKipolandi:Mikołaj Kopernik;19 Februari1473–24 Mei1543) alikuwapadriwaKanisa Katolikinamtaalamuwaastronomia,tibanahisabati.

Ni maarufu hasa kwa kuwa ndiye aliyeeleza muundo halisi waulimwengukwa kusemaduniainazungukajua,kinyume cha fundisho lililotawala awali kuwa jua linazunguka dunia. Ndiyo yanayoitwa "Mapinduzi ya Kikoperniki" ambayo ni ya msingi kwa ustawi wasayansiya kisasa.

Maisha

AlizaliwaToruń,iliyokuwamji wa HansehukoPoland,katikafamiliayenyedamuya Kijerumani.

Alisomatheolojia,sherianatibahuko Poland naItalia,akawa padri wakanisa kuula Frauenburg-Fromburg, ambapo alifariki mwaka 1543 akazikwa chini yasakafuyake.

Mchango mkubwa alioutoa na tathmini yake

Mudamfupi tu kabla hajafa alitoakitabuchake "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" (kuhusu mizunguko yamagimba ya angani), ambacho kinatoa mafundisho makuu yaelimuyanyotayasikuzile, kama vile mpangilio wasayarizinazolizunguka Jua na mzunguko wa Dunia kwenyemhimiliwake kila siku.

Copernicus hakuwa mtu wa kwanza aliyewaza ya kwamba Dunia inazunguka Jua: miaka 2000 kabla yakewanafalsafakadhaa waUgirikiwaliwahi kufundisha hivyo. Lakini tangumaandikoyaPtolemaiowataalamu wa nyota pamoja nawalimuwadinizaUkristonaUislamuwalikubaliana kwamba Dunia nikitovuchaulimwenguna Jua pamoja na sayari zote zinaizunguka. Kitabu cha Copernicus kilikuwa cha kwanza kilichoondoa Dunia katika kitovu cha ulimwengu na kwa ujumla alipingwa na wataalamu wengi.

Ingawa hoja zao hazikuwa sahihi, ni kweli kwamba mafundisho yake yalikuwa na kasoro zilizojulikana baadaye kwa maendeleo yautafiti:kwa mfano, alidhaninjiaza sayari kuzunguka jua zinaumboladuarakamili. Pia alifikiri ya kwamba jua liko kwenyekitovucha ulimwengu.

Mafundisho yake yaliathiri wanasayansi wengine kamaGalileo GalileinaKepler,ambao waliyathibitisha na kuyaboresha.

Viungo vya nje

• Blogu "Nicolaus Copernicus ni mmoja kati ya mashujaa wangu - See more at: http://tuongeescience.tumblr.com/post/86302008889/kumbukumbu-ya-nicolaus-copernicus#sthash.2FL2lSMI.dpuf"Archived5 Machi 2016 at theWayback Machine.
• Copernicus' letters to various celebrities, among others the King Sigmundus I of PolandArchived11 Februari 2009 at theWayback Machine.- in Polish
• Nicholaus Copernicus Museum in FromborkArchived9 Oktoba 2004 at theWayback Machine.
• Portraits of Copernicus:Copernicus' face reconstructed;PortraitArchived27 Septemba 2007 at theWayback Machine.;Nicolaus CopernicusArchived13 Oktoba 2004 at theWayback Machine.
• Copernicus and AstrologyArchived21 Januari 2009 at theWayback Machine.— Cambridge University: Copernicus had – of course – teachers with astrological activities and his tables were later used by astrologers.
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
• Find-A-Grave profile for Nicolaus Copernicus
• 'Body of Copernicus' identified— BBC article including image of Copernicus using facial reconstruction based on located skull

KuhusuDe Revolutionibus

• The Copernican Universe from the De Revolutionibus
• De Revolutionibus, 1543 first edition— Full digital facsimile, Lehigh University
• The front page of the De RevolutionibusArchived18 Juni 2006 at theWayback Machine.
• The text of the De RevolutionibusArchived6 Machi 2015 at theWayback Machine.
• A java applet about Retrograde MotionArchived27 Februari 2009 at theWayback Machine.

Urithi wake

• Copernicus in Bologna— in Italian
• Chasing Copernicus: The Book Nobody Read— Was One of the Greatest Scientific Works Really Ignored? All Things Considered.NPR
• Copernicus and his Revolutions— A detailed critique of the rhetoric of De Revolutionibus
• Article which discusses Copernicus's debt to the Arabic tradition
• Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń

Ushirikiano wa Poland na Ujerumani kuhusu Copernicus

• German-Polish school project on Copernicus- in German and Polish
• Büro Kopernikus - An initiative of German Federal Cultural FoundationArchived13 Novemba 2006 at theWayback Machine.- in German, Polish and English

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