Ngamia

Ngamia
Ngamia nundu-moja (Camelus dromedarius)
Uainishaji wa kisayansi
Himaya: Animalia(Wanyama) Faila: Chordata(Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) Ngeli: Mamalia(Wanyama wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao) Oda: Artiodactyla(Wanyama wenye vidole viwili au vinne mguuni) Nusuoda: Tylopoda(Wanyama wenye miguu inayovimba) Familia: Camelidae(Wanyama walio na mnasaba nangamia) J. E. Gray,1821 Jenasi: Camelus(Ngamia) Linnaeus,1758
Ngazi za chini
Spishi 2: C. bactrianusLinnaeus, 1758 C. dromedariusLinnaeus, 1758

Ngamianiwanyamawakubwa wajenasiCameluskatikafamiliaCamelidaeinayowajumlisha pamoja nalamanavikunyawaAmerika Kusini.

Spishi

• Camelus dromedarius,Ngamia Nundu-moja(Dromedary)
• Camelus bactrianus,Ngamia Nundu-mbili(Bactrian camel)

Makazi

Spishizote mbili wamezoea kuishi katika mazingira yabisi kamajangwaau nusu jangwa.

Ngamia nundu-moja anapatikana katikaUarabuni,Mashariki ya KatihadiPakistani,Afrika ya Kaskazini,Somaliana kaskazini yaKenya.Katikakarne ya 19walipelekwaAustraliawalipozoea haraka; kwa sasa takribani ngamia pori 700,000 wako kule. Spishi hii inavumiliajotokali lakini piabaridizausikukwenyeSahara.Anaweza kubadilishahalijotoyamwiliwake kati yasentigredi34 na 41 kulingana na mazingira.

Ngamia waAsiayuko katika kanda inayoanziaAnatoliahadiManchuriakaskazinimwaChina.Amezoea zaidi baridi yaAsia ya Kati;wakati wa majira barafu halijoto ya mazingira inafikia -30°C.Joto kali inampa matatizokidogo na kumchelewesha.

Spishi zote mbili zinakutana katika nchi kadhaa, kuanziaUturuki,Uajemi,AfghanistanhadiPakistani.

Mwili

Umbilelao limelingana na mazingira ya jangwani.Miguuni mipana na kuzuia wasizame chini kwenyemchanga.Nyweleni ndefu, hivyo zinakinga dhidi ya joto na baridi.

Nunduni mahali pastooya akiba yamafuta;kama ngamia anapitia mahali pasipochakulaanatumia mafuta kwanishatiya mwilini. Hahitaji kula kwa kipindi hadi siku 30.

Wanaweza kushikalita100–150 mwilini na kuendelea jangwani bila kunywamajikwawikimbili. Penye majanimabichi ya kutosha, na kama joto si kali mno, ngamia anaweza kuendelea bila kunywa kwa wiki kadhaa.

Shingoni ndefu kwa sababu kwa chakula anapendelea majani ya miti na vichaka.

Maisha

Ngamia wa Asia (C. bactrianus) ana nundu mbili

Ngamia ni wanyama wa kijamii na kwa asili huishi katika makundi yadumemmoja na majikekadhaa. Siku hizi kuna ngamia wa Asia mamia kadhaa kwenye pori ambao ni mabaki ya ngamia pori wa zamani. Wako China naMongolia.

Ngamia nundu-moja si wanyama wa pori asilia tena; inaaminiwa walitokea Uarabuni. Lakini kuna wanyama waliotoroka huko Australia na Amerika wanaoishi peke yao, hawafugwi.

Ngamia na binadamu

Binadamu akiongozana na ngamia

Ngamia wamefugwa nabinadamutangu miaka 5,000–6,000 iliyopita. Leo hii mifugo hao ni takribanmilioni19 na idadi kubwa, yaani milioni 14, wako Afrika, milioni 7 pekee nchini Somalia na milioni 3.3 nchiniSudan.

Watu hufuga ngamia kwa kubeba watu na mizigo. Nywele zao ni aina yasufuinayotumiwa kutengenezea mashuka,mahemana pia vitambaa vyanguo.Wanachinjwa kwanyamayao.

Ngamia hukamuliwa pia kamang'ombe.Katika nchi yabisi kiasi chamaziwayao yanalingana na ya ng'ombe.

Katika miaka ya nyumaWamasaiwaKenyana piaTanzaniawameanza kufuga ngamia baada ya kuona ya kwamba ng'ombe zao walikufa wakati wa ukame lakini ngamia waliendelea kuishi na kutoa maziwa.

Ngamia anachukua chakula chake kwenye mti wenye mizizi mirefu kushinda manyasiyanayoliwa na ng'ombe. Kwa sababu hiyo manyasi hukauka haraka wakati wa ukame kuliko majani ya miti.

Katika Biblia

Katika mazingira ambakoBibliailiandikwa, ngamia alikuwa mnyama mkubwa kuliko wote wanchi kavu.Ndiyo sababu alitumika katikamethalimbalimbali kwa kusisitiza jambo.

Kwa mfano,Yesualisema, "Ni rahisi zaidi ngamia kupenyatundulasindanokulikotajirikuingiambinguni"(Mk 10:23-27).

Picha

• 
  Ngamia nundu-moja sokoni huko Nouakchott,Mauritania
• 
  Ngamia wakifanya kazi ya msafara
• 
  Ngamia nundu-mbili hukoKirgizia
• 
  Mwenyeji waTurkmenistanakipanda ngamia yake mnamo 1905–1915
• 
  Ngamia wawili tayari kwa safari

Marejeo

• Ramet, J. P. (2011).The technology of making cheese from camel milk (Camelus dromedarius).FAO Animal Production and Health Paper. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.ISBN92-5-103154-1.ISSN0254-6019.OCLC476039542.Iliwekwa mnamo6 Desemba2012.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• Vannithone, S.; Davidson, A. (1999). "Camel".The Oxford companion to food.OxfordOxfordshire:Oxford University Press. uk.127.ISBN0-19-211579-0.
• Camels and Camel Milk. Report Issued by FAO, United Nations. (1982)
• Wilson, R.T. (1984).The camel.New York: Longman.ISBN0-582-77512-4.
• Yagil, R. (1982).Camels and Camel Milk.FAO Animal Production and Health Paper. Juz. la 26. Rome: Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations.ISBN92-5-101169-9.ISSN0254-6019.
• Gilchrist, W. (1851).A Practical Treatise on the Treatment of the Diseases of the Elephant, Camel & Horned Cattle: with instructions for improving their efficiency; also, a description of the medicines used in the treatment of their diseases; and a general outline of their anatomy'.Calcutta: Military Orphan Press.

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Ngamia

• International Society of Camelid Research and DevelopmentArchived27 Mei 2017 at theWayback Machine.
• Six Green Reasons to Drink Camel's Milk
• Use of camels by South African police
• The Camel as a pet

Ili kupata maelezo kuhusu masanduku ya uanapwa ya spishi angalia:Wikipedia:WikiProject Mammals/Article templates/doc.