Bulgaria

Република България
Republika Balgaria
Jamhuri ya Bulgaria

Bendera Nembo
Kaulimbiu ya taifa: Съединението прави силата ( "Umoja huleta nguvu)
Wimbo wa taifa:Mila Rodino ( "Taifa la kupendwa" )
Mji mkuu	Sofia 42°41′ N 23°19′ E
Mji mkubwa nchini	Sofia
Lugha rasmi	Kibulgaria
Serikali Rais Waziri Mkuu	Demokrasia Rumen Radev(Румен Радев) Kiril Petkov(Кирил Петков)
Uhuru ilianzishwa Bulgaria kuwa nchi ya kikristo madaraka ya kujitawala Ilitangazwa	681 865 3 Machi1878 5 Oktoba1908 (22 Septemba
Eneo - Jumla - Maji (%)	110,994 km²(ya 106) 2.16%
Idadi ya watu -2021kadirio -2014sensa - Msongamano wa watu	7,000,039 (ya 106) 6,875,040 63/km² (ya 118)
Fedha	Lev(BGN)
Saa za eneo - Kiangazi (DST)	EET(UTC+2) EEST(UTC+3)
Intaneti TLD	.bg
Kodi ya simu	+359 -

Bulgaria(kwaKibulgaria:България; jina rasmi niJamhuri ya Bulgaria) ni nchi yaUlayakusini-magharibikwenyerasiyaBalkani.

Imepakana naBahari Nyeusi,Serbia,Makedonia KaskazininaUgiriki.

Ni mwanachama waUmoja wa Ulaya.

Historia

Zamadamu walikuweko walau miaka milioni 1.4 iliyopita.

Kufikiamwaka5000hiviKKkulikuwa naustaarabumkubwa uliotengeneza vyombo vyaufinyanzinausonaravilivyo kati ya vile vya awali zaididuniani.

Baada ya mwaka3000KK,Wathrakiwalijitokeza katikarasiyaBalkani.

Mwishoni mwakarne ya 6 KKsehemu kubwa ya eneo hilo lilitekwa naDola la Persia.

Katikamiaka ya 470 KK,Wathraki waliundaufalmewaOdrusia,ambao baadaye ulianguka na wenyewe walitawaliwa naWamakedonia,WakeltinaWarumi.Mchanganyiko huo wa watu ulikuja kuungana naWaslavi,waliolowea rasi kwa namna ya kudumu baada ya mwaka500BK.

Mwaka632Wabulgaria walianzisha nchi hurukaskazinikwaBahari Nyeusiiliyoitwa Bulgaria Kuu chini yaKubrathadinusuya pili yakarne ya 7.

Asparukh,mwandamiziwake, alihamia karibu nadeltayamtoDanubeakazidi kuteka maeneo ya Balkani yaliyokuwa yaDola la Bisanti,jambo lililoendelea katikakarnezilizofuata.

Huo mchanganyiko mkubwa wa watu ulipatautambulishowakitaifakwa kushikadini,lughanaalfabetimoja.

Katikakarne ya 11hilodola la Bulgariala kwanza lilishindwa naDola la Roma Masharikilikisaidiwa naWarusi.

Lakini mwaka1185nduguAsen na Peter walifaulu kuanzisha dola la pili la Bulgaria lililofikia kilele chake katikamiaka ya 1230.

Baada ya kugawanyika, falme tatu za Kibulgaria zilitekwa naDola la Osmanimwaka1396kwa miaka 500 iliyofuata.

Vitakati yaUrusinaUturukivya miaka1877–1878 vililetauhurukwa sehemu ndogo ya Bulgaria. Kwa kutaka Wabulgaria wote wawe ndani yake, nchi iliungamkonoUjerumanikatika vita vikuu vyote viwili na hatimaye ilishindwa.

Hivyo Bulgaria ikawa chini yaWakomunistikwa miaka 45.

Baada ya hapo Bulgaria ilijiunga naNATOmwaka2004naUmoja wa Ulayamwaka2007.

Watu

Wakazi wanazidi kupungua tangu mwanzo wamiaka ya 1990.

Wengi wao (84.8%) wanazungumzaKibulgaria,ambacho ni kati yalugha za Kislavoni,na wanafuatadiniyaUkristokatikaKanisala kitaifa ambalo ni kati yaMakanisa ya Kiorthodoksi.

Pia kuna makundi makubwamakubwa yaWaturuki(8.8%)WaislamunawalowezikutokaIndia(4.9%).

Kwa jumla, Wakristo ni 75%, Waislamu 10%, wenyedininyingine ni 3%, wakati wasio na dini ni 11.8%.

Tazama pia

• Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi

Marejeo

• "2011 census of Bulgaria"(PDF)(kwa Bulgarian). National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo(PDF)mnamo 2013-07-27.Iliwekwa mnamo20 Desemba2011.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Chary, Frederick B.The History of Bulgaria(The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) (2011)excerpt and text search
• Crampton, R. J.A Concise History of Bulgaria(2005) Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University PressISBN 978-0-521-61637-9
• Bell, John D., ed. (1998).Bulgaria in Transition: Politics, Economics, Society, and Culture after Communism.Westview.ISBN 978-0-8133-9010-9
• Ghodsee, Kristen R.(2011)Lost in Transition: Ethnographies of Everyday Life After Communism.Duke University Press.
• Ghodsee, Kristen R.(2010)Muslim Lives in Eastern Europe: Gender, Ethnicity and the Transformation of Islam in Postsocialist Bulgaria.Princeton University Press.
• Ghodsee, Kristen R.(2005)The Red Riviera: Gender, Tourism and Postsocialism on the Black Sea.Duke University Press.
• "Country Profile: Bulgaria"(PDF).Library of Congress Country Studies.Library of Congress. 2006.Iliwekwa mnamo24 Desemba2011.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• Curtis, Glenn E.; Mitova, Pamela; Marsteller, William; Soper, Karl Wheeler (1993) [1992 research]."Country Study: Bulgaria".Library of Congress Country Studies.Library of Congress.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "Historical Setting".Chapter 1.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "The First Golden Age".Chapter 1.Iliwekwa mnamo13 Oktoba2012.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "The Final Move to Independence".The Bulgarian Independence Movement.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "San Stefano, Berlin, and Independence".The Bulgarian Independence Movement.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "Bulgaria in World War II: The Passive Alliance".World War II.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "Wartime Crisis".World War II.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "After Stalin".Communist Consolidation.Iliwekwa mnamo24 Aprili2012.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "Domestic Policy and Its Results".Communist Consolidation.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "Foreign Affairs in the 1960s and 1970s".The Zhivkov Era.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "The Political Atmosphere in the 1970s".The Zhivkov Era.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "Topography".The Society and its Environment.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "Climate".The Society and its Environment.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "The Economy".Chapter 3.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "Resource Base".The Economy.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "Government and Politics".Chapter 4.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "Arms Sales".National Security.Iliwekwa mnamo4 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • "Military Personnel".National Security.Iliwekwa mnamo20 Desemba2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

Viungo vya Nje

• Essential History of Bulgaria in Seven Pages
• BulgariaArchived16 Oktoba 2008 at theWayback Machine.atUCB Libraries GovPubs.
• Bulgariakatika Open Directory Project
• Wikimedia Atlas of Bulgaria
• Bulgaria ProfilefromBalkan Insight
• President of The Republic of BulgariaArchived10 Februari 2011 at theWayback Machine.

Makala hii kuhusu maeneo yaUlayabado nimbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusuBulgariakama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwakuihariri na kuongeza habari.