Ishmaeli

Ishmaeli(auIsmaili,kwaKiebraniaיִשְׁמָעֵאל, Yišmāʻēl: kwaKiarabuإسماعيلʾ, Ismāʿīl) alikuwa mtoto wa kwanza waAbrahamu(au Ibrahimu) naHagari(au Hajiri) kadiri yaBiblia^[1]na yaKurani.

Ishmaeli katika Biblia

Mungualikuwa amemuahidia Abrahamu uzao mkubwa kamanyotaza mbinguni, naye akaamini ingawa alikuwa hajapata hata mtoto mmoja: ndiyoimaniiliyompendeza sana Mungu (Mwa 15:1-6).

Lakini Abrahamu alizidi kuzeeka pamoja naSarabila ya kuzaa watoto. Baada ya kusubiri muda mrefu mno Sara akamwambia azaliane naHagarialiye mtumishi wa kike. Mwana huyu wa Hagar akaitwa Ishmaeli (Mwa 16:1-15). Lakini baadaye kukawa nafitinakati ya Sara na Hagari hivyo huyo akafukuzwa pamoja na mtoto, baada ya Sara pia akashika mimba na kumzaa mtotoIsaka.

Mwa 21:1-21 inatusimulia jinsi Mungu alivyotimiza ahadi yake kwa kumjalia Sara amzalie Abrahamu mtoto huyo katika uzee na utasa. Isaka ni mtoto wa imani, si wa mwili, naye ni huru, tofauti na Ishmaeli mtoto wa mtumwa ambaye hastahili kurithi pamoja na mdogo wake. Isaka, baba wa Israeli alipata baraka kuu, naye ni mfano wetu watu wa Agano Jipya. Ishmaeli alibarikiwa pia kwa ajili ya baba yake, naye ni mfano waAgano la Kaleambapo watu wanategemea mambo ya kimwili (kutahiriwa,kunawa, kubagua vyakula n.k.) na hivyo ni watumwa (Gal4:21-5:1).

Kadiri yakitabu cha Mwanzoalishiriki pamoja na mdogo wakeIsaka mazishiyababayake akafariki akiwa na umri wa miaka 137.^[2]

Ishmaeli alizaa watoto wa kiume 12 ambao wanahesabiwa mwanzo waWaarabu,hasa wale wa Kaskazini.

Ishmaeli katika Uislamu

Ishmaeli anahesabiwanabiimuhimu nababuwaMuhammad,mwanzilishiwadiniyaUislamu.

IngawaKuranihaitaji jina la mtoto ambaye Abrahamu alikuwa tayari kumchinjia Mungu, wanazuoni walifikia makubaliano kwamba alikuwa Ishmaeli, si Isaka.

Tanbihi

↑Mwa16:3
↑Mwa 25:17

Marejeo

Books and journals

Metzger, Bruce M (1993).The Oxford Companion To The Bible.Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-504645-8.{{cite book}}:Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
Nikaido, S. (2001). "Hagar and Ishmael as Literary Figures: An Intertextual Study".Vetus Testamentum.51(2): 219.doi:10.1163/156853301300102110.
Werblowsky, R.J. Zwi (1997).The Oxford Dictionary of Jewish Religion.Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-508605-8.{{cite book}}:Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
Quinn, Daniel (1993).Ishmael.Bantam Dell Pub Group.ISBN 0-553-56166-9.

Encyclopedias

Hubert Cancik, ed. (2005).Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World: Antiquity.Brill Academic Publishers.ISBN 978-90-04-12270-3

Paul Lagasse, Lora Goldman, Archie Hobson, Susan R. Norton, ed. (2000).The Columbia Encyclopedia(6th ed.). Gale Group.ISBN 978-1-59339-236-9

John Bowden, ed. (2005).Encyclopedia of Christianity(1st ed.). Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-522393-4

P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs, ed.Encyclopaedia of IslamOnline.Brill Academic Publishers.ISSN 1573-3912

Lindsay Jones, ed. (2005).Encyclopedia of Religion(2nd ed.). MacMillan Reference Books.ISBN 978-0-02-865733-2

The New Encyclopædia Britannica.Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated; Rev Ed edition. 2005.ISBN 978-1-59339-236-9

Jane Dammen McAuliffe, ed. (2005).Encyclopedia of the Qur'an.Brill Academic Publishers.ISBN 978-90-04-12356-4

Viungo vya nje

Genealogy from Adam to the Twelve Tribes
Ishmael in Islam Archived28 Agosti 2014 at theWayback Machine.
The Jewish Encyclopedia:Ishmael.
Biographical Study on Ishmael Archived4 Januari 2007 at theWayback Machine.
"Ismael".Catholic Encyclopedia.New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Ismael.
Ishmael in Bahá'í Faith Archived26 Desemba 2008 at theWayback Machine.

Makala hii kuhusu mtu wa Biblia bado nimbegu.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusuIshmaelikama habari za maisha au kazi yake?
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Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwakuihariri na kuongeza habari.

[1] Mwa16:3

[2] Mwa 25:17

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