Kazakhstan

Қазақстан Республикасы
Qazaqstan Respublïkası
Республика Казахстан
Respublika Kazakhstan
Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan

Bendera Nembo
Kaulimbiu ya taifa:
Wimbo wa taifa:Kazakhstan yangu
Mji mkuu	Nursultan 51°10′ N 71°30′ E
Mji mkubwa nchini	Almaty
Lugha rasmi	Kikazakh,Kirusi
Serikali Rais Waziri Mkuu	Jamhuri Kassym-Jomart Tokayev(Қасым-Жомарт Тоқаев) Oljas Bektenov(Олжас Бектенов)
Uhuru Ilitangazwa ilikamilika	16 Desemba1991 25 Desemba1991
Eneo - Jumla - Maji (%)	2,724,900 km²(ya 9) 1.7
Idadi ya watu -July 2015kadirio -1999sensa - Msongamano wa watu	17,563,300(ya 62) 14,953,100 5.94/km² (ya 227)
Fedha	Tenge ya Kazakhstan(KZT)
Saa za eneo - Kiangazi (DST)	(UTC+5 to +6) (UTC)
Intaneti TLD	.kz
Kodi ya simu	+7 -

Ramaniya Kazakhstan

Kazakhstanninchiambayo kwa kiasi kikubwa iko katikaAsia ya Kati.

Imepakana naUrusi,China,Kirgizstan,UzbekistannaTurkmenistan.

Mji mkuuniAstana(mwaka2019jinalake limekuwa Nursultan);Almatyilishika nafasi hiyo hadi1996.

Jiografia

Kazakhstan ina eneo lakm²2,717,300; ni nchi kubwa ya tisaduniani.Sehemu kubwa iko upande waAsiana nyingine ndogo upande waUlaya.

Upande wa magharibi inaanza katikatambararezamto Volgapamoja naBahari ya Kaspina kuelekea hadi milima yaAltaiupande wa China. Kusini ikomilima ya Tienshanyenyekimochamita7,000 naziwa Aral.Upande wa kaskazini hakunampaka asilianaSiberia.

Historia

Jina la nchi limetokana naWakazakhiambao ni taifa la watu wanaotumiaKikazakhi,mojawapo yalugha za Kiturki.

Eneo liliwahi kuwa sehemu yamilkimbalimbali lakini tangukarne ya 15Wakazakhi walijaribu kuungana mata kadhaa bila mafanikio ya kudumu.

Tangukarne ya 17milki ya Urusi ilianza kuenea katikaAsia ya Katina hadi mwaka1865eneo lote la Kazakhstan lilitawaliwa na Urusi.

Baada yamapinduzi ya Urusi ya 1917Wakomunistiwalichukua nafasi ya Matsarwa awali wakafanya nchi kuwa jamhuri yenye kiwango cha kujitawala ndani ya Jamhuri ya Kirusi ya Umoja wa Kisovyeti.

Mwaka1936nchi ilipewacheocha jamhuri kamili ndani ya Umoja wa Kisovyeti, ikijulikana kwa jina la "Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kikazakhi".. Katika miaka iliyofuataWarusina watu wamataifamengine ya Umoja huo walihamishwa nchini hadi Wakazakhi kubaki kuwa chini yanusuya wakazi wote.

Miaka 1990/1991 wakati wa kuporomoka kwa Umoja wa Kisovyeti jamhuri ilijiondoa polepole. Kiongozi wa chama cha kikomunisti cha KazakhstanNursultan Nasarbajewalitangaza uhuru na kuwa rais wa kwanza akiendelea kutawala hadi mwaka 2019.

Wakazi

Wakazi wengi (65.5%) niWakazakhiwanaozungumzaKikazakhi,lughayajamiiyaKituruki,wakifuatwa naWarusiwanaozungumza lugha yao ya jamii yaKislavoni(21.5%). Ya kwanza ndiyolugha ya taifa,ya pili ni pialugha rasmi.Kuna makabilamengine 30, kama vileWauzbeki(3.0%),Waukraina(1.8%) n.k.

Upande wadini,70.2% niWaislamu(hasaWasuni) na 26.3%Wakristo(hasaWaorthodoksi23.9%, wakifuatwa naWakatolikinaWaprotestanti,jumla 2.3%). Baada yauhuru,dini zote zimepatauhaimpya na kujengamaabadimengi.Serikalihaina dini, lakini inaziheshimu zote.

Tazama pia

• Mikoa ya Kazakhstan
• Orodha ya lugha za Kazakhstan
• Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi

Marejeo

• Alexandrov, Mikhail (1999).Uneasy Alliance: Relations Between Russia and Kazakhstan in the Post-Soviet Era, 1992–1997.Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.ISBN0-313-30965-5.
• Clammer, Paul; Kohn, Michael; Mayhew, Bradley (2004).Lonely Planet Guide: Central Asia.Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet.ISBN1-86450-296-7.{{cite book}}:Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)
• Cummings, Sally (2002).Kazakhstan: Power and the Elite.London: Tauris.ISBN1-86064-854-1.
• Demko, George (1997).The Russian Colonization of Kazakhstan.New York: Routledge.ISBN0-7007-0380-2.
• Fergus, Michael; Jandosova, Janar (2003).Kazakhstan: Coming of Age.London: Stacey International.ISBN1-900988-61-5.{{cite book}}:Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)
• George, Alexandra (2001).Journey into Kazakhstan: The True Face of the Nazarbayev Regime.Lanham: University Press of America.ISBN0-7618-1964-9.
• Martin, Virginia (2000).Law and Custom in the Steppe.Richmond: Curzon.ISBN0-7007-1405-7.
• Nazarbayev, Nursultan (2001).Epicenter of Peace.Hollis, NH: Puritan Press.ISBN1-884186-13-0.
• Nazpary, Joma (2002).Post-Soviet Chaos: Violence and Dispossession in Kazakhstan.London: Pluto Press.ISBN0-7453-1503-8.
• Olcott, Martha Brill (2002).Kazakhstan: Unfulfilled Promise.Washington, DC:Brookings Institution Press.ISBN0-87003-189-9.
• Rall, Ted (2006).Silk Road to Ruin: Is Central Asia the New Middle East?.New York: NBM.ISBN1-56163-454-9.
• Robbins, Christopher (2007).In Search of Kazakhstan: The Land That Disappeared.London: Profile Books.ISBN978-1-86197-868-4.
• Rosten, Keith (2005).Once in Kazakhstan: The Snow Leopard Emerges.New York: iUniverse.ISBN0-595-32782-6.
• Thubron, Colin (1994).The Lost Heart of Asia.New York: HarperCollins.ISBN0-06-018226-1.

Viungo vya nje

• Caspian Pipeline Controversyfrom theDean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
• Country ProfilefromBBC News.
• Kazakhstanentry atThe World Factbook
• Kazakhstaninformation from theUnited States Department of State
• Portals to the Worldfrom the United StatesLibrary of Congress.
• KazakhstanArchived4 Machi 2016 at theWayback Machine.atUCB Libraries GovPubs.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of KazakhstanArchived29 Septemba 2011 at theWayback Machine.
• World Bank Data & Statistics for KazakhstanArchived29 Septemba 2011 at theWayback Machine.
• Kazakhstan Internet Encyclopedia
• Kazakhstan at 20 years of independence, The Economist, Dec 17th 2011
• "Blowing the lid off" – Unrest in Kazakhstan, The Economist, Dec 20th 2011
• The Region Initiative (TRI)
• Kazakhstankatika Open Directory Project
• Wikimedia Atlas of Kazakhstan
• Country FactsfromKazakhstan Discovery
• 2008 Human Rights Report: Kazakhstan. Department of State; Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor
• Key Development Forecasts for KazakhstanfromInternational Futures.

Serikali

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of KazakhstanArchived29 Septemba 2011 at theWayback Machine.
• E-Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
• Tovuti rasmiArchived10 Agosti 2019 at theWayback Machine.
• Chief of State and Cabinet MembersArchived17 Septemba 2013 at theWayback Machine.

Biashara

• World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Kazakhstan

Makala hii kuhusu maeneo yaAsiabado nimbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusuKazakhstankama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwakuihariri na kuongeza habari.

Makala hii kuhusu maeneo yaUlayabado nimbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusuKazakhstankama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwakuihariri na kuongeza habari.