Kifafa
Kifafa(kwaKiingerezaEpilepsyis,kutokakitenzichaKigirikiἐεπιλαμβάνειν, eepilambanein,kutekaaukutesa[1]) nikundilamaradhi ya nevayanayofanana kwadaliliza matukio yakupatwa,[2]ambayo yanaweza kudumumudamfupi sana karibu bila kugundulika hadi muda mrefu wa kutikisika kwa nguvumwilimzima.[3]Matukio hayo yanaelekea kurudiarudia bila sababu inayoeleweka kwa kila tukio[2]wakati matukio ya namna hiyo yenye sababu inayoeleweka si ya kifafa kweli.
Visababishi
[hariri|hariri chanzo]Sababu ya kesi nyingi haijulikani, ingawa baadhi ya watu wanapatwa na kifafa kutokana najeraha la ubongo,kiharusi,saratani ya ubongona matumizi mabaya yadawa.Mabadiliko ya DNAyanahusiana moja kwa moja naasilimiandogo za kesi zote.[4]
Matukio ya kifafa yanatokana nautendajimkubwa mno wanevazaubongo.[5]
Ili kusema ni kifafa,daktarianapaswa kwanza kutambua hakuna sababu zinazoeleweka za dalili kama hizo, kwa mfano kuzimia.[4]Mara nyingi kifafa kinaweza kuthibitishwa naelectroencephalogram(EEG).[4]
Tiba
[hariri|hariri chanzo]Katika 70% za matukio inawezekana kuyadhibiti.[6]Isipowezekana tiba, pengineupasuaji,uchocheaji wa nevana mabadiliko ya ulaji vinatumika. Si kila mara kifafa kinadumumaishayote: kuna watu wanaopatanafuukiasi cha kutohitaji tena dawa.
Uenezi
[hariri|hariri chanzo]Karibu 1% ya watu wote duniani (milioni65) wana kifafa,[7]na karibu 80% za kesi zinatokea katikanchi zinazoendelea.[3]
Mwaka2013vilitokeavifo116,000, ambavyo ni vingi kuliko vile 112,000 vya mwaka1990.[8]
Kifafa kinazidi kutokea kadiri watu wanavyokua.[9][10][11][12]
Tazama pia
[hariri|hariri chanzo]Tanbihi
[hariri|hariri chanzo]- ↑Magiorkinis E, Kalliopi S, Diamantis A (Januari 2010). "Hallmarks in the history of epilepsy: epilepsy in antiquity".Epilepsy & behavior: E&B.17(1): 103–108.doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.10.023.PMID19963440.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑2.02.1Chang BS, Lowenstein DH (2003). "Epilepsy".N. Engl. J. Med.349(13): 1257–66.doi:10.1056/NEJMra022308.PMID14507951.
- ↑3.03.1"Epilepsy".Fact Sheets.World Health Organization.Oktoba 2012.Iliwekwa mnamoJanuari 24,2013.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑4.04.14.2Longo, Dan L (2012). "369 Seizures and Epilepsy".Harrison's principles of internal medicine(tol. la 18th). McGraw-Hill. uk. 3258.ISBN978-0-07-174887-2.
- ↑Fisher R, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J (2005)."Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)".Epilepsia.46(4): 470–2.doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x.PMID15816939.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑Eadie, MJ (Desemba 2012). "Shortcomings in the current treatment of epilepsy".Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics.12(12): 1419–27.doi:10.1586/ern.12.129.PMID23237349.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑Thurman, DJ; Beghi, E; Begley, CE; Berg, AT; Buchhalter, JR; Ding, D; Hesdorffer, DC; Hauser, WA; Kazis, L; Kobau, R; Kroner, B; Labiner, D; Liow, K; Logroscino, G; Medina, MT; Newton, CR; Parko, K; Paschal, A; Preux, PM; Sander, JW; Selassie, A; Theodore, W; Tomson, T; Wiebe, S; ILAE Commission on, Epidemiology (Septemba 2011). "Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy".Epilepsia.52 Suppl 7: 2–26.doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03121.x.PMID21899536.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 Desemba 2014)."Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013".Lancet.385(9963): 117–71.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2.PMC4340604.PMID25530442.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑Brodie, MJ; Elder, AT; Kwan, P (Novemba 2009). "Epilepsy in later life".Lancet neurology.8(11): 1019–30.doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70240-6.PMID19800848.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑Holmes, Thomas R. Browne, Gregory L. (2008).Handbook of epilepsy(tol. la 4th). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. uk. 7.ISBN978-0-7817-7397-3.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑Wyllie's treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice(tol. la 5th). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010.ISBN978-1-58255-937-7.
- ↑Berg, AT (2008). "Risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure".Epilepsia.49 Suppl 1: 13–8.doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01444.x.PMID18184149.
Marejeo
[hariri|hariri chanzo]- World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Programme for Neurological Diseases and Neuroscience; Global Campaign against Epilepsy; International League against Epilepsy (2005).Atlas, epilepsy care in the world, 2005(pdf).Geneva: Programme for Neurological Diseases and Neuroscience, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization.ISBN92-4-156303-6.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Viungo vya nje
[hariri|hariri chanzo]
- Kifafakatika Open Directory Project
- World Health Organization fact sheet
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