Jamhuri ya Watu wa China
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Kaulimbiu ya taifa: | |||||
Wimbo wa taifa:Maandamano ya wale wanaojitolea - ''Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ'' | |||||
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Mji mkuu | Beijing | ||||
Mji mkubwa nchini | Shanghai | ||||
Lugha rasmi | Kimandarini1(Putonghua) | ||||
Serikali | Ujamaajamhuriyachama kimoja2 Xi Jinping Li Keqiang | ||||
Tarehe za kihistoria Utawala wa nasaba ya Shang Utawala wa nasaba ya Qin Jamhuri ya China Jamhuri ya Watu wa China ilitangazwa |
1766 KK 221 KK 10 Oktoba1911 1 Oktoba1949 | ||||
Eneo - Jumla - Maji (%) |
km² 9,596,961 km²(ya 33) 0.282 | ||||
Idadi ya watu -Januari 2020kadirio -2010sensa - Msongamano wa watu |
1,400,000,0004(ya 1) 1,339,724,852 145/km² (ya 83(2)) | ||||
Fedha | Renminbi Yuan5, 2(CNY )
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Saa za eneo - Kiangazi (DST) |
(UTC+8) not observed(UTC+8) | ||||
Intaneti TLD | .cn2 | ||||
Kodi ya simu | +862
- | ||||
1Pamoja na Kimandarini kile chaKikantonini lugha rasmi katika Hong Kong na Macau.Kiingerezani pia lugha rasmi katikaHong KongnaKirenohukoMacau.Vilevile kuna lugha za kieneo yanayotumiwa rasmi kama vileKiuyghurhukoXin gian g,Kimongoliakatika jimbo laMongolia ya Ndani,KitibethukoTibetnaKikoreakatika mkoa wa Yanbian. |
China(pia:Uchina, Sina;kirefu:Jamhuri ya Watu wa China) ni nchi kubwa yaAsia ya Masharikiambayo ndiyo nchi yenye watu wengi kuliko zoteduniani.
China imepakana naVietnam,Laos,Myanmar,India,Bhutan,Nepal,Pakistan,Afghanistan,Tajikistan,Kyrgyzstan,Kazakhstan,Urusi,Mongolia,Korea ya Kaskazini.
Kunapwanindefu kwenyeBahari ya Kusini ya ChinanaBahari ya Mashariki ya Chinaambazo nibahari ya kandoyaPasifiki.
China kuna makabila56 tofauti.Wahanndio kabila kubwa zaidi nchini China kwaidadiyawatuikiwa naasilimia92.
Lugha rasminiKichinachaMandarinkinachotumiwa naasilimia70 za wananchi.
Siasainatawaliwa nachama cha kikomunisti.
Mji mkuuniBeijinglakiniShanghaindiomjimkubwa zaidi.
Hong KongiliyokuwakolonilaUingerezanaMacauiliyokuwa koloni laUrenoni maeneo ya China yenye utawala wa pekee.
Taiwannavisiwavingine vyaJamhuri ya Chinavinatazamwa naserikaliya Beijing kuwamajimboyake lakini vimekuwa kama nchi ya pekee tangu mwaka1949.
Jiografia
China ina eneo lakilomita za mrabamilioni9.6 hivyo ni nchi ya tatu au ya nne[1]kwa ukubwa duniani.
Sura ya nchi inaonyeshatabiatofautitofauti.
Upande wakaskazini,mpakani mwaSiberiana Mongolia, kuna maeneoyabisipamoja najangwa la Gobi.
Kinyume chake upande wakusini,mpakani mwaVietnam,LaosnaBurma,hali ya hewaninusutropikiyenyemvuanyingi inayolishamisituminene.
Sehemu zamagharibizinamilimamingi ambayo ni kati ya milima mirefu duniani kamaHimalayanaTian Shan.
Masharikiya nchi huwa natambararezenyerutubana hapa ndipo kanda lenye wakazi wengi.
Upanawa China kati ya kaskazini na kusini nikilomita4,200 na kati ya mashariki na magharibi ni kilomita 4,200.
Pwani inaurefuwakilomita14,400.
Kunamitomikubwa; mrefu zaidi niYangtse(km6,300),HwanghoauMto Njano,Xi Jiangau mto wa Magharibi,Mekong,Mto wa Lulu,BrahmaputranaAmur.Mito hiyo yote inavyanzovyake katika milima mikubwa yenyeusimbishajimwingi, ikibebamajikwenda tambarare pasipo mvua nyingi.
Jiografiahiyo ilikuwa chanzo chakilimo cha umwagiliajina kukua kwa madolaya kwanza.
Kutokana namadawayakilimonamaji machafuyaviwanda,mito namaziwaya China hupambana na machafuko makali; mwaka2007ziwa Taililisafishwa kwagharamakubwa mno kwa sababu maji hayakufaa tena kwa mahitaji yabinadamu(maji yabomba).
Hali ya hewa
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/China_precipitation.jpg/180px-China_precipitation.jpg)
Kuna kanda 18 zahali ya hewazinazoonyesha tofauti kubwa kati yake. Upande wa magharibi, kaskazini na kaskazini-mashariki huwa namajirayenyejoto kalinabaridi kali.Upande wa kusini ina tabia yatropikiau nusutropiki.Tibethuwa na hali ya hewa kulingana nakimochake juu ya mita 4,000.
Ramaniya usimbishaji inaonyesha ya kwambakilimokinawezekana katikanusuya kusini na kusini-mashariki ya nchi tu. Upande wa kaskazini na magharibi mvua ni chache mno. Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka na juu yake usimbishaji ni chini yamilimita390 kwamwaka.
Historia
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Territories_of_Dynasties_in_China.gif/210px-Territories_of_Dynasties_in_China.gif)
Historia ya Chinahugawanyika katika vipindi vyanasaba za kifalmembalimbali. Vipindi muhimu zaidi ni kama ifuatavyo:
- Nasaba ya Qin(221–207 KK)
- Nasaba ya Han(206 KK–220BK)
- Kipindi cha milki tatu(220 –280)
- Nasaba ya Jin(265–420)
- Kipindi cha nasaba za kusini na kaskazini(420 –581)
- Nasaba ya Sui(581 –618)
- Nasaba ya Tang(618 –907)
- Nasaba tano na milki kumi(907 –960)
- Nasaba ya Song(960 –1279)
- Nasaba ya Yuan(1279 -1368)
- Nasaba ya Ming(1368 -1644)
- Nasaba ya Qing(1644 -1911)
Utawalawa kifalme uliendelea hadimapinduzi ya China ya 1911.
Baada ya kipindi cha vurugu, jamhuri ya China ilitawaliwa nachamachaKuomintangchini yaraisChiang Kai-shek.
Wakati wavita kuu ya pili ya duniasehemu kubwa ilitwaliwa naJapani.Wakati huoChama cha Kikomunisti cha Chinakiliandaajeshikikapambana na serikali ya Kuomintang na Japani pia.
Baada ya mwisho wa vita kuuWakomunistiwaliendelea kupingana na serikali na mwaka 1949 Kuomintang ilishindwa. Wakomunisti chini yaMao Zedongwalianza kutawala China Bara kama Jamhuri ya Watu wa China na Kuomintang walikimbilia kisiwa cha Taiwan walipoendelea kutawala kama "Jamhuri ya China".
Siasa
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Parade_through_Macao%2C_Latin_City_2019_16.jpg/220px-Parade_through_Macao%2C_Latin_City_2019_16.jpg)
Serikaliya China inatawala kwamfumowaudiktetachini yauongoziwaChama cha Kikomunisti ya China.Kuna vyama vidogo pia, lakini hivi havina umuhimu wowoteː vinasimamiwa na Wakomunisti, hivyo hali halisi ni mfumo wachama kimoja.
Kikatibachombo kikuu niBungela umma la China linalomchaguarais,serikali,mahakama kuu,kamati kuu ya kijeshi namwanasheria mkuu.Lakini hali halisi maazimio yote ya bunge ni utekelezaji tu wa maazimio ya uongozi wa chama cha Kikomunisti.
Uongozi huo ni kundi dogo la wakubwa wa chama najeshi.Mwanasiasamuhimu niXi Jinping.Kwa sasa yeye anaunganishavyeovyaKatibu Mkuuwa Chama cha Kikomunisti, Rais wa Jamhuri ya Watu wa China namwenyekitiwa Kamati Kuu ya Kijeshi. Kwa jumla katikamapokeoya Kikomunisti vyeo vya chama ni muhimu kuliko vyeo vya serikali ingawa katiba nasheriainasema tofauti.
Kuna pia "maeneo yenye utawala wa pekee" ambayo niHongkongnaMacau.Katika miji hiyo miwili, iliyokuwa makoloni ya Uingereza na Ureno, kunauhuru wa kisiasana wauandishi,uchaguzi hurunaupinzanikwa kiasi fulani, lakini maeneo yana tumadarakakadhaa ya kujitawala kwa mambo ya ndani.
Watu
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/My_grandparents.jpg/220px-My_grandparents.jpg)
China ikiwa na wakazi milioni 1,400 (Januari 2020) ni nchi yenye watu wengi zaidi duniani.Historiayake yote iliona tena na tena vipindi vyanjaakutokana na idadi kubwa ya watu wake.Msongamanowa watu kwawastanini wakazi 145 kwakilomita ya mraba.Lakini tofauti ziko kubwa kati ya miji mikubwa ambako milioni 115 wanakaa kwenye eneo lakm²50,000 na Tibet yenye watu 2 tu kwa kilomita ya mraba.
Zaidi yaasilimia90 za wakazi wote wanakaa katikatheluthiya kusini-mashariki ya nchi yenye mvua ya kutosha. Ndani yatheluthihiyo ni nusu ya Wachina wote wanaosongamana kwenye asilimia 10 za China yote, maana yake katika 10% hizi kuna msongamano wa watu 740 kwa km².
Wakazi walio wengi niWahanau Wachina wenyewe. Wanatumia hasalahajambalimbali zalughayaKichina.Pamoja na Wahan kuna makabila55 yaliyotambuliwa naserikali.Kwa jumlalugha haini 292 ambazo zinahusika na makundi mbalimbali ya lugha (angaliaorodha ya lugha za China).
Serikali inafuata rasmiukanamungu,lakini inaruhusudinikwa kiasi fulani. Pamoja na hayo,dhulumazinaendelea dhidi yamadhehebumbalimbali.Takwimuhazieleweki, pia kwa sababu kabla ya Ukomunisti kupinga dini, hasa wakati waMapinduzi ya utamaduni,watu waliweza kuchanganya mafundisho nadesturizaUkonfusio,UtaonaUbuddha.Leo wanaoendelea kufanya hivyo wanakadiriwa kuwa asilimia 30-80 za wakazi.Wabuddhani 6-16%,Wakristo(hasaWaprotestanti,halafuWakatolikina kidogoWaorthodoksi) ni 2-4%,Waislamuni 1-2%.
Tazama pia
Tanbihi
Marejeo
- Meng, Fanhua (2011).Phenomenon of Chinese Culture at the Turn of the 21st century.Singapore: Silkroad Press.ISBN978-981-4332-35-4.
- Farah, Paolo (2006). "Five Years of China's WTO Membership: EU and US Perspectives on China's Compliance with Transparency Commitments and the Transitional Review Mechanism".Legal Issues of Economic Integration.Kluwer Law International. Volume 33, Number 3. pp. 263–304.Abstract.
- Heilig, Gerhard K. (2006/2007).China Bibliography – OnlineArchived5 Novemba 2015 at theWayback Machine..China-Profile.
- Jacques, Martin(2009).When China Rules the World: The End of the Western World and the Birth of a New Global Order.Penguin Books. Revised edition (28 August 2012).ISBN 978-1-59420-185-1.
- Sang Ye (2006).China Candid: The People on the People's Republic.University of California Press.ISBN0-520-24514-8.
- Selden, Mark (1979).The People's Republic of China: Documentary History of Revolutionary Change.New York: Monthly Review Press.ISBN0-85345-532-5.
Vyanzo kuhusu dini
- Adler, Joseph A.Confucianism as a Religious Tradition: Linguistic and Methodological Problems.Kenyon College, 2014.
- Adler, Joseph A. (2011)."The Heritage of Non-Theistic Belief in China".(Conference paper) Toward a Reasonable World: The Heritage of Western Humanism, Skepticism, and Freethought. San Diego, CA.http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Writings/Non-theistic.pdf.
- Billioud, Sébastien.Carrying the Confucian Torch to the Masses: The Challenge of Structuring the Confucian Revival in the People's Republic of China.On:OE49 (2010)
- Billioud, Sébastien; Joel Thoraval (2015).The Sage and the People: The Confucian Revival in China.Oxford University Press.ISBN0190258144.
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(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Chan, Kim-Kwong.Religion in China in the Twenty-first Century: Some Scenarios.On:Religion, State & Society,Vol. 33, No. 2. Routledge, June 2005.
- Chen, Yong.Confucianism as Religion: Controversies and Consequences.Brill, 2012.ISBN 9004243739
- Clart, Philip.Conceptualizations of "Popular Religion" in Recent Research in the People's Republic of China.In: Wang Chien-chuan, Li Shiwei, Hong Yingfa;Yanjiu xin shijie: “Mazu yu Huaren min gian xinyang” guoji yantaohui lunwenji.Taipei: Boyang, 2014. pp. 391–412
- Clart, Philip.Confucius and the Mediums: Is There a "Popular Confucianism"?.On:T'uong Pao LXXXIX.Brill, Leiden, 2003.
- Didier, John C.In and Outside the Square: The Sky and the Power of Belief in Ancient China and the World, c. 4500 BC – AD 200:Volume I: The Ancient Eurasian World and the Celestial Pivot,Volume II: Representations and Identities of High Powers in Neolithic and Bronze China,Volume III: Terrestrial and Celestial Transformations in Zhou and Early-Imperial China.On:Sino-Platonic Papers,n. 192, 2009. Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania.
- Craig, Edward (1998),Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 7,Taylor & Francis,ISBN9780415073103
- Fan Lizhu, Chen Na.Revival of Confucianism and Reconstruction of Chinese Identity.Paper presented at:The Presence and Future of Humanity in the Cosmos,ICU, Tokyo, 18–23 March 2015.(a)
- Fan Lizhu, Chen Na.The Revival of Indigenous Religion in China.Published onChina Watch,Fudan-UC Center for China Studies,Fudan University,2013.
- Fan Lizhu, Chen Na.The Religiousness of "Confucianism" and the Revival of Confucian Religion in China Today.On:Cultural Diversity in China1: 27-43. De Gruyter Open, 2015. ISSN 2353-7795, DOI: 10.1515/cdc-2015-0005
- Fingarette, Herbert (1972).Confucius: The Secular as Sacred.New York: Harper.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Fowler, Jeaneane D.An Introduction to the Philosophy and Religion of Taoism: Pathways to Immortality.Sussex Academic Press, 2005.ISBN 1845190866
- Goossaert, Vincent, David Palmer.The Religious Question in Modern China.University of Chicago Press, 2011.ISBN 0226304167
- Jing, Jun.The Temple of Memories: History, Power, and Morality in a Chinese Village.Stanford University Press, 1996. ASIN: B004FPIAVW
- Kuhn, Robert Lawrence (2011).How China's Leaders Think: The inside Story of China's Reform and What This Means for the Future.Singapore: John Wiley & Sons.ISBN9780470824450.
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(help) - Lagerway, John.China: A Religious State.Hong Kong, University of Hong Kong Press, 2010.ISBN 9888028049
- Laliberté, André (2011)."Religion and the State in China: The Limits of Institutionalization".Journal of Current Chinese Affairs.40(2): 3–15.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - Libbrecht, Ulrich.Within the Four Seas...: Introduction to Comparative Philosophy.Peeters Publishers, 2007.ISBN 9042918128
- Littlejohn, Ronnie.Confucianism: An Introduction.I. B. Tauris, 2010.ISBN 184885174X
- Lü Daji, Gong Xuezeng.Marxism and Religion.Brill, 2014.ISBN 9047428021
- Miller, James.Chinese Religions in Contemporary Societies.ABC-CLIO, 2006.ISBN 1851096264
- Nadeau, Randal L. (2012).The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Chinese Religions.Malden, MA: Blackwell.
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(help) - Overmyer, Daniel L. (2009).Local Religion in North China in the Twentieth Century the Structure and Organization of Community Rituals and Beliefs(PDF).Leiden; Boston: Brill.ISBN9789047429364.Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo(PDF)mnamo 2015-06-16.Iliwekwa mnamo2015-10-16.
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(help) - Overmyer, Daniel.Religion in China Today.Cambridge University Press, 2003.ISBN 0521538238
- Palmer, David A., Glenn Landes Shive, Glenn Shive, Philip L. Wickeri.Chinese Religious Life.Oxford University Press, 2011.ISBN 0199731381
- Palmer, D. A.Chinese Redemptive Societies and Salvationist Religion: Historical Phenomenon or Sociological Category?.On:Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore,V. 172, 2011, p. 21-72
- Pas, Julian F.Historical Dictionary of Taoism.Part of:Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series.Scarecrow Press, 2014. ASIN: B00IZ9E7EI
- Ruokanen, Miikka, Paulos Zhanzhu Huang.Christianity and Chinese Culture.William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2011.ISBN 0802865569
- Sautman, Barry.Myths of Descent, Racial Nationalism and Ethnic Minorities in the People's Republic of China.In: Frank Dikötter.The Construction of Racial Identities in China and Japan: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives.Honolulu, University of Hawai'i Press, 1997, pp. 75–95.ISBN 9622094430
- Shahar, Meir, Robert Paul Weller.Unruly Gods: Divinity and Society in China.University of Hawaii Press, 1996.ISBN 0824817249
- Shen, Qingsong, Kwong-loi Shun.Confucian Ethics in Retrospect and Prospect.Council for Research in Values & Philosophy, 2007.ISBN 1565182456
- Shi, Yilong.The Spontaneous Religious Practices of Han Chinese Peoples — Shenxianism( Trung Quốc người Hán tự phát tôn giáo thực tiễn — thần tiên giáo ). On:Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities (Humanities and Social Sciences)( trung nam dân tộc đại học học báo — nhân văn khoa học xã hội bản ), Vol. 28, No. 3, 2008.
- Teiser, Stephen F.The Chinese Cosmos: Basic Concepts,extracts from: Stephen F. Teiser.The Spirits of Chinese Religion.In:Religions of China in Practice.Princeton University Press, 1996.
- Thien Do.Vietnamese Supernaturalism: Views from the Southern Region.Series:Anthropology of Asia.Routledge, 2003.ISBN 0415307996
- Wang, Robin R.Chinese Philosophy in an Era of Globalization.State University of New York Press, 2004.ISBN 0791460061
- Yang, Fenggang, Graeme Lang.Social Scientific Studies of Religion in China.Brill, 2012.ISBN 9004182462
- Yang, Mayfair Mei-hui (2007).Ritual Economy and Rural Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics(PDF).Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo(PDF)mnamo 2016-03-03.Iliwekwa mnamo2015-10-16.
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(help)Chapter of: David Held, Henrietta Moore.Cultural Politics in a Global Age: Uncertainty, Solidarity and Innovation,Oxford: Oneworld Publications.ISBN 1851685502 - Yao, Xinzhong.Chinese Religion: A Contextual Approach.Bloomsbury Academic, 2011.ISBN 1847064760
- Payette, Alex.Shenzhen's Kongshengtang: Religious Confucianism and Local Moral GovernanceArchived23 Oktoba 2017 at theWayback Machine..Part of:Role of Religion in Political Life,Panel RC43, 23rd World Congress of Political Science, 19–24 July 2014.
- Pregadio, Fabrizio.The Encyclopedia of Taoism,2 vol. Routledge, 2008.ISBN 9780700712007
- Tay, Wei Leong.Kang Youwei: The Martin Luther of Confucianism and His Vision of Confucian Modernity and Nation.In: Haneda Masashi,Secularization, Religion and the State,University of Tokyo Center for Philosophy, 2010.
- Xie, Zhibin.Religious Diversity and Public Religion in China.Ashgate Publishing, 2006.ISBN 9780754656487
- Zhou, Jixu.Old Chinese “*tees” and Proto-Indo-European “*deus”: Similarity in Religious Ideas and a Common Source in Linguistics.On:Sino-Platonic Papers,n. 167, 2005. Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania.
Marejeo mengine
- Bays, Daniel H.Christianity in China from the Eighteenth Century to the Present.(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996).ISBN 0804726094.
- Ch'en, Kenneth K. S.Buddhism in China, a Historical Survey.(Princeton, N.J.,: Princeton University Press, The Virginia and Richard Stewart Memorial Lectures, 1961, 1964).
- De Groot, J.J.M. (Jan Jakob Maria)Archived22 Novemba 2012 at theWayback Machine.,The Religious System of China: Its Ancient Forms, Evolution, History and Present Aspect, Manners, Customs and Social Institutions Connected Therewith,Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands, 1892–1910. 6 volumes.
- Overmyer, Daniel L.Religions of China: The World as a Living System.(New York: Harper & Row, Religious Traditions of the World, 1986).
- Paper, Jordan D. (1995).The Spirits are Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chinese Religion.Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.ISBN0791423158.
- Wright, Arthur F..Buddhism in Chinese History.(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1959; various reprints and translations).
- Yang, CK.,Religion in Chinese Society(California U. Press, 1970)
- Xinzhong Yaoand Yanxia Zhao,Chinese Religion(Continuum, 2010)
Viungo vya nje
- China at a GlancefromPeople's Daily
- BBC News – China Profile
- Chinaentry atThe World Factbook
- China, People's Republic offromUCB Libraries GovPubs
- Jamhuri ya Watu wa Chinakatika Open Directory Project
- China'sEncyclopædia Britannicaentry
- "Rethinking 'Capitalist Restoration' in China"by Yiching Wu
- Key Development Forecasts for ChinafromInternational Futures
- "China on the Rise".PBS Online NewsHour. October 2005.
- ChinaToday
- Interesting China facts
- Serikali
- The Central People's Government of People's Republic of China
- China Internet Information Center—Authorized government portal site to China
- Masomo
- "Assertive Pragmatism: China's Economic Rise and Its Impact on Chinese Foreign Policy".Minxin Pei (2006). IFRI Proliferation Papers. No. 15.
- Utalii
- Ramani
- Dini
- Buddhist Association of China
- China Confucian Philosophy
- China Confucian ReligionArchived14 Agosti 2015 at theWayback Machine.
- China Confucian TemplesArchived17 Mei 2014 at theWayback Machine.
- Chinese Taoist Association
- China Ancestral Temples NetworkArchived2014-05-02 atArchive.today
- China Temples and Monasteries NetworkArchived3 Machi 2016 at theWayback Machine.
- Living in the Chinese Cosmos,Asia for Educators, Columbia University.
- Media
- Euraxess Science Slam:Meihuaquan and Community Life in North China
- eRenlai Ricci:The boundary between religion and the state in China by Prof. Lagerwey
- GBTimes:THE DEBATE: Insight into religion in modern China (part 1)—Part 2
- Berkeley Center:Ritual Economy and Religious Revivial in Rural Southeast China
- Berkeley Center:Secularization Theory and the Study of Chinese Religions
- Berkeley Center:Understanding Contemporary Religious Pluralism in China
Nchina maeneo yaAsia |
Afghanistan|Armenia2|Azerbaijan|Bahrain|Bangladesh|Bhutan|Brunei|China|Falme za Kiarabu|Georgia2|Hong Kong3|Indonesia|Iraq|Israel|Jamhuri ya China (Taiwan)|Japani|Kamboja|Kazakhstan|Kirgizia|Korea Kaskazini|Korea Kusini|Kupro2|Kuwait|Laos|Lebanoni|Macau3|Malaysia|Maldivi|Mongolia|Myanmar|Nepal|Omani|Pakistan|Palestina|Qatar|Saudia|Singapuri|Sri Lanka|Syria|Tajikistan|Timor ya Mashariki|Turkmenistan|Uajemi|Ufilipino|Uhindi|Urusi1|Uthai|Uturuki1|Uzbekistan|Vietnam|Yemen|Yordani |
1. Nchi ina maeneo katikaAsianaUlaya.2. Nchi ikoAsialakini inahesabiwa pia kati ya nchi zaUlayakwa sababu za historia au utamaduni. 3. Eneo la pekee la China. |
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Makala hii kuhusu maeneo yaChinabado nimbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusuJamhuri ya Watu wa Chinakama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwakuihariri na kuongeza habari. |