Wakalvini

WakalvininiWakristo Waprotestantiwanaofuata kimsingi mafundisho yaliyotolewa awali naUldrik Zwinglina hasaJohn Calvinkatikakarne ya 16.

Tofauti na Luther, Zwingli na Calvin walijaribu moja kwa moja kujengakanisajipya kwenye msingi waBiblia.

Hawakupenda kuchukuaurithiwowote waKanisa Katoliki,wakaunda kila kitu upya kufuatana na jinsi walivyoelewa Biblia.

Katikautawalawalikataacheochauaskofuwakaona kanisa liongozwe nawazeewa kuchaguliwa. Kutokana na neno wazee katikalughayaAgano Jipya(Kigiriki) "presbyuteroi", kanisa lake linaitwa pia la "Wapresbiteri".

Wafuasi wao huitwa pia "Wareformati" (to reform = kutengeneza upya). Maana yake walikataadesturizote wasizoziona katika Biblia, wakati Luther alizikubali zile alizoziona hazipingi Biblia.

Katikaibadazao, Wareformati wanakataaaltari,pichaza kupamba kanisa au kuimbaliturujia,wakati ibada ya Kilutheri niMisaya Kikatoliki iliyobadilishwa kufuatana na mawazo ya Luther. Katika jambo hilo hawakupatana na ndiyo sababu kwa muda mrefu Walutheri na Wareformati walishindwa kuwa na ibada za pamoja, lakini siku hizi wanaelewana.

Mafundisho hayo kutoka Uswisi yalienea katika nchi kamaUfaransa,UskotinaUholanzi.HataWamoraviawalichukua sehemu ya mafundisho ya Wareformati, hasa juu yaChakula cha Bwana,wakimfuata Luther katika mambo mengine.

Afrika Kusiniurithi wa kidini waMakaburuni wa Kireformati kwa sababubabuzao walitokea Uholanzi na Ufaransa.

Vilevile niwamisionarikutoka Uswisi na Uskoti walioanzisha mapema makanisa ya KipresbiteriMalawi,KenyanaAfrika Magharibi.

Kadiri ya asili,madhehebuyao yanaitwa kwaKiingereza Reformed,CongregationalistsauPresbyterians.

Leo yana jumla ya waamini zaidi ya milioni 80, wengi wao wakiwa wameunganika katika "World Communion of Reformed Churches".

Tanbihi

Marejeo

Allen, R. Michael (2010).Reformed Theology.Doing Theology. New York:T&T Clark.ISBN 978-0567034304.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv(help)
Bagchi, David V. N.;Steinmetz, David Curtis,whr. (2004),The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-77662-7
Cottret, Bernard (2000) [1995],Calvin: Biographie(kwa French), Translated by M. Wallace McDonald, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans,ISBN 0-8028-3159-1{{citation}}:Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
DeVries, Dawn (2003). "Rethinking the Scripture Principle". Katika Alston, Wallace M. Jr.;Welker, Michael(whr.).Reformed Theology: Identity and Ecumenicity.Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.ISBN 978-0802847768.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv(help)
Furcha, E. J., mhr. (1985),Huldrych Zwingli, 1484–1531: A Legacy of Radical Reform: Papers from the 1984 International Zwingli Symposium McGill University,Montreal: Faculty of Religious Studies, McGill University,ISBN 0-7717-0124-1.
Holder, R. Ward (2004), "Calvin's heritage", katika McKim, Donald K. (mhr.),The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-0-521-01672-8
Gäbler, Ulrich (1986),Huldrych Zwingli: His Life and Work,Philadelphia: Fortress Press,ISBN 0-8006-0761-9
Ganoczy, Alexandre (2004), "Calvin's life", katika McKim, Donald K. (mhr.),The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-0-521-01672-8
McGrath, Alister E.(1990),A Life of John Calvin,Oxford: Basil Blackwell,ISBN 0-631-16398-0.
Muller, Richard A.(2004). "John Calvin and later Calvinism". Katika Bagchi, David; Steinmetz, David C (whr.).The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology.New York: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0521776622.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv(help)
Parker, T. H. L. (2006),John Calvin: A Biography,Oxford: Lion Hudson plc,ISBN 978-0-7459-5228-4.
Stephens, W. P. (1986),The Theology of Huldrych Zwingli,Oxford: Clarendon Press,ISBN 0-19-826677-4.
Westminster Confession of Faith.Wikisource.1646.

Marejeo mengine

Alston, Wallace M. Jr.;Welker, Michael,whr. (2003).Reformed Theology: Identity and Ecumenicity.Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.ISBN 978-0802847768.
Benedict, Philip(2002).Christ's Churches Purely Reformed: A Social History of Calvinism.New Haven: Yale University Press.ISBN 978-0300105070.
Balserak, Jon (2014).John Calvin as Sixteenth-Century Prophet.Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN 9780198-703259
Bratt, James D. (1984)Dutch Calvinism in Modern America: A History of a Conservative Subcultureexcerpt and text search
Hart, D.G. (2013).Calvinism: A History.New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,excerpt and text search
McNeill, John Thomas (1954).The History and Character of Calvinism.New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0195007435.
Leith, John H.(1980).An Introduction to the Reformed Tradition: A Way of Being the Christian Community.Westminster John Knox Press.ISBN 978-0804204798.
Muller, Richard A.(2001).The Unaccommodated Calvin: Studies in the Foundation of a Theological Tradition.Oxford University Press, USA.ISBN 978-0195151688.
———————— (2003).After Calvin: Studies in the Development of a Theological Tradition.Oxford University Press, USA.ISBN 978-0195157017.
Picken, Stuart D.B. (2011)Historical Dictionary of Calvinism(2011)excerpt
Small, Joseph D., mhr. (2005).Conversations with the Confessions: Dialogue in the Reformed Tradition.Geneva Press.ISBN 978-0664502485.

Viungo vya nje

Angalia mengine kuhusuWakalvinikwenye miradi mingine yaWikimedia:
	Fafanuzi za Kiingerezakutoka Wiktionary
	picha na mediakutoka Commons
	matini za ushuhuda na vyanzokutoka Wikisource

"Five Points of Calvinism"Archived4 Januari 2019 at theWayback Machine.byRobert Lewis Dabney.

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