Zumari

Aina mbalimbali za zumari kutokadunianzima.

Zumari mbalimbali.

Zumari za kuungwa.

Zumari ya Kihindi ikipigwa kutoka pembeni.

Zumari(kutokajinalaKiarabu;kwaKiingereza"flute" ) niala ya muzikiinayopigwa kwa kupulizwamdomoni.

Umbolake ni kama bomba jembamba upande wa mdomoni na pana upande unaotokeasauti.

Inapatikana koteduniani.Hewainapulizwa ndani kwamdomokupitiashimo;mkondo wa hewa unapita kwenye kona kali ambako unaanza kutingatinga ukisababishanguzo ya hewailiyopo ndani ya bomba kutingatinga pia; mitetemo hii nisauti.

Urefuwa bomba unafanyatabiaya sauti; kama ni fupi linatoa sauti ya juu; kama ni refu lina sauti ya chini.

Zumari nyingi huwa na mashimo kanda yanayofunikwa na kufunguliwa kwavidole.Kwa kufungua shimomchezajianafupisha au kurefusha nguzo ya hewa ndani ya zumari inayotingatinga na kubadilisha sauti hivyo.

Kuna muundo kadhaa:

• shimo la kupulizia liko upande wa pembeni wa filimbi
• shimo liko mwanzoni wa bomba la filimbi
• kuna bomba moja lenye mashimo ya pembeni kwa kubadilisha sauti
• kuna mabomba bila mashimo ya pembeni yaliyounganishwa pamoja; kila filimbi ina sauti yake na mchezaji anateleza mdomo wake juu ya mashimo ya mabomba akipiga muziki yake.

Marejeo

• Buchanan, Donna A. 2001. "Bulgaria §II: Traditional Music, 2: Characteristics of Pre-Socialist Musical Culture, 1800–1944, (iii): Instruments".The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians,second edition, edited byStanley SadieandJohn Tyrrell.London: Macmillan Publishers.
• Crane, Frederick. 1972.Extant Medieval Musical Instruments: A Provisional Catalogue by Types.Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.ISBN0-87745-022-6
• Galway, James. 1982.Flute.Yehudi Menuhin Music Guides. London: Macdonald.ISBN0-356-04711-3(cloth);ISBN0-356-04712-1(pbk.) New York: Schirmer Books.ISBN0-02-871380-XReprinted 1990, London: Kahn & Averill London: Khan & AverillISBN1-871082-13-7
• Phelan, James, 2004.The Complete Guide to the [Flute and Piccolo],second edition. [S.l.]: Burkart-Phelan, Inc., 2004.ISBN0-9703753-0-1
• Putnik, Edwin. 1970.The Art of Flute Playing.Evanston, Illinois: Summy-Birchard Inc. Revised edition 1973, Princeton, New Jersey and Evanston, Illinois.ISBN0-87487-077-1
• Toff, Nancy. 1985.The Flute Book: A Complete Guide for Students and Performers.New York: Charles's Scribners Sons.ISBN0-684-18241-6Newton Abbot: David & Charles.ISBN0-7153-8771-5Second Edition 1996, New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN0-19-510502-8
• Wye, Trevor. 1988.Proper Flute Playing: A Companion to the Practice Books.London: Novello.ISBN0-7119-8465-4
• Maclagan, Susan J. "A Dictionary for the Modern Flutist", 2009, Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press.ISBN978-0-8108-6711-6

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Zumari

• Ardal Powell. "Flute."Grove Music Online.Oxford Music Online.Oxford University Press. (by subscription)
• Essay on the Jiahu flutesfrom the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History atThe Metropolitan Museum of Art
• A selection of historic flutes from around the world atThe Metropolitan Museum of Art
  • Walking Stick Flute and Oboe, Georg Henrich Scherer, Butzbach, ca. 1750–57
  • Glass flute, Claude Laurent, Paris, 1813
  • Porcelain flute, Saxony, 1760–1790
  • Pair of ivory flutes by Johann Wilhelm Oberlender, mid 18th century, Nuremberg
  • Flute by Garion, Paris, ca. 1720–1740
• natureNew flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany
• Zumarikatika Open Directory Project
• Flute acousticsResources on flute acoustics from the University of New South Wales.
• Folk flutes (Polish folk musical instruments)

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya muziki bado nimbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusuZumarikama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwakuihariri na kuongeza habari.