Genome
Itsura
Sa modernongbiolohiyang molekularathenetika,anggenomeang kabuuan ng impormasyong pagmamana ng isang organismo. Ito ay kinokodigo saDNAo para sa maraming mga uri ngvirus,saRNA.Ang genome ay kinabibilangan ng mgageneathindi nagkokodigong DNAng DNA/RNA.[1]
Sukat ng genome
[baguhin|baguhin ang wikitext]Angsukat ng genomeang kabuuang bilang ng baseng pares na DNA sa isang kopya ng genome na haploid. Ang sukat ng genome ay positibongkoreladosamorpolohikongpagiging komplikado sa mgaprokaryoteat mas mababang mgaeukaryote.Gayunpaman, pagkatapos ng mgamolluskaat lahat ng iba pang mas mataas na mga eukaryote sa itaas, ang korelasyong ito ay hindi na epektibo.[2][3][4][5]
Uri ng organismo | Organismo | Sukat ng genome (base pairs) |
Komento | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Virus | Bacteriophage MS2 | 3,569 | 3.5kb | Unang nasekwensiyang RNA-genome[6] |
Virus | SV40 | 5,224 | 5.2kb | [7] |
Virus | Phage Φ-X174 | 5,386 | 5.4kb | Unang nasekwensiyang DNA-genome[8] |
Virus | HIV | 9,749 | 9.7kb | [9] |
Virus | Phage λ | 48,502 | 48kb | |
Virus | Megavirus | 1,259,197 | 1.3Mb | Ang pinakamalaking alam na genome na pang-virus a |
Bacterium | Haemophilus influenzae | 1,830,000 | 1.8Mb | Unang genome ng isang nabubuhay na organismong nasekwensiya, Hulyo 1995[10] |
Bacterium | Carsonella ruddii | 159,662 | 160kb | Ang pinaka-malaiit na hindi-virus na genome.[11] |
Bacterium | Buchnera aphidicola | 600,000 | 600kb | |
Bacterium | Wigglesworthia glossinidia | 700,000 | 700Kb | |
Bacterium | Escherichia coli | 4,600,000 | 4.6Mb | [12] |
Bacterium | Solibacter usitatus(strain Ellin 6076) | 9,970,000 | 10Mb | Ang pinakamalaking alam na genome ng bakterya |
Amoeboid | Polychaos dubium("Amoeba" dubia) | 670,000,000,000 | 670Gb | Ang pinakamalaking alam na genome.[13](Disputed[14]) |
Halaman | Arabidopsis thaliana | 157,000,000 | 157Mb | Unang genome ng halamang nasekwensiya, 2000[15] |
Halaman | Genlisea margaretae | 63,400,000 | 63Mb | Ang pinakamaliit na itinalang genome ng namumulaklak na halaman, 2006.[15] |
Halaman | Fritillaria assyrica | 130,000,000,000 | 130Gb | |
Halaman | Populus trichocarpa | 480,000,000 | 480Mb | Unang genome ng puno na nasekwensiya, Setyembre 2006 |
Halaman | Paris japonica(Japanese-native, pale-petal) | 150,000,000,000 | 150Gb | Largest plant genome known |
Moss | Physcomitrella patens | 480,000,000 | 480Mb | Unang genome ng isangbryophytena nasekwensiyang, Enero 2008.[16] |
Lebadura | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 12,100,000 | 12.1Mb | Unang genome ngeukaryotengnasekwensiyang,[17] |
Fungus | Aspergillus nidulans | 30,000,000 | 30Mb | |
Nematode | Caenorhabditis elegans | 100,300,000 | 100Mb | Unang hayop na multiselular na nasekwensiya, Disyembre 1998[18] |
Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae | 20,000,000 | 20Mb | Pinakamaliit na genome ng hayop na alam[19] |
Insekto | Drosophila melanogaster(fruit fly) | 130,000,000 | 130Mb | [20] |
Insekto | Bombyx mori(silk moth) | 530,000,000 | 530Mb | |
Insekto | Apis mellifera(honey bee) | 236,000,000 | 236Mb | |
Insekto | Solenopsis invicta(fire ant) | 480,000,000 | 480Mb | [21] |
Isda | Tetraodon nigroviridis(type of puffer fish) | 385,000,000 | 390Mb | Pinakamaliit na alam na genome ngbertebrata |
Mamalya | Mus musculus | 2,700,000,000 | 2.7Gb | |
Mamalya | Homo sapiens | 3,200,000,000 | 3.2Gb | |
Isda | Protopterus aethiopicus(marbled lungfish) | 130,000,000,000 | 130Gb | Ang pinakamalaking alam na genome ng bertebrata |
Tignan din
[baguhin|baguhin ang wikitext]Mga sanggunian
[baguhin|baguhin ang wikitext]- ↑Ridley, M. (2006).Genome.New York, NY: Harper Perennial.ISBN 0-06-019497-9
- ↑Lewin, Benjamin (2004).Genes VIII(ika-8th (na) edisyon). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.ISBN0-13-143981-2.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑Gregory TR, Nicol JA, Tamm H, Kullman B, Kullman K, Leitch IJ, Murray BG, Kapraun DF, Greilhuber J, Bennett MD (3 Enero 2007). "Eukaryotic genome size databases".Nucleic Acids Research.35(Database): D332–D338.doi:10.1093/nar/gkl828.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑Glass JI, Assad-Garcia N, Alperovich N, Yooseph S, Lewis MR, Maruf M, Hutchison CA 3rd, Smith HO, Venter JC (2006)."Essential genes of a minimal bacterium".Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.103(2): 425–30.Bibcode:2006PNAS..103..425G.doi:10.1073/pnas.0510013103.PMC1324956.PMID16407165.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑Forster AC, Church GM (2006)."Towards synthesis of a minimal cell".Mol Syst Biol.2(1): 45.doi:10.1038/msb4100090.PMC1681520.PMID16924266.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑Fiers W; atbp. (1976)."Complete nucleotide-sequence of bacteriophage MS2-RNA - primary and secondary structure of replicase gene".Nature.260(5551): 500–507.Bibcode:1976Natur.260..500F.doi:10.1038/260500a0.PMID1264203.
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(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑Fiers W, Contreras R, Haegemann G, Rogiers R, Van de Voorde A, Van Heuverswyn H, Van Herreweghe J, Volckaert G, Ysebaert M (1978)."Complete nucleotide sequence of SV40 DNA".Nature.273(5658): 113–120.Bibcode:1978Natur.273..113F.doi:10.1038/273113a0.PMID205802.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑Sanger F, Air GM, Barrell BG, Brown NL, Coulson AR, Fiddes CA, Hutchison CA, Slocombe PM, Smith M (1977)."Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA".Nature.265(5596): 687–695.Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S.doi:10.1038/265687a0.PMID870828.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑"Virology - Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Aids, Structure: The Genome And Proteins Of HIV".Pathmicro.med.sc.edu. 2010-07-01.Nakuha noong2011-01-27.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑Fleischmann R, Adams M, White O, Clayton R, Kirkness E, Kerlavage A, Bult C, Tomb J, Dougherty B, Merrick J (1995)."Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd".Science.269(5223): 496–512.Bibcode:1995Sci...269..496F.doi:10.1126/science.7542800.PMID7542800.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑Nakabachi A, Yamashita A, Toh H; atbp. (2006). "The 160-kilobase genome of the bacterial endosymbiont Carsonella".Science.314(5797): 267.doi:10.1126/science.1134196.PMID17038615.
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ignored (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑Frederick R. Blattner, Guy Plunkett III; atbp. (1997)."The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12".Science.277(5331): 1453–1462.doi:10.1126/science.277.5331.1453.PMID9278503.
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(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑Parfrey LW, Lahr DJG, Katz LA (2008)."The Dynamic Nature of Eukaryotic Genomes".Molecular Biology and Evolution.25(4): 787–94.doi:10.1093/molbev/msn032.PMC2933061.PMID18258610.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑ScienceShot: Biggest Genome EverNaka-arkibo2010-10-11 saWayback Machine., comments: "The measurement for Amoeba dubia and other protozoa which have been reported to have very large genomes were made in the 1960s using a rough biochemical approach which is now considered to be an unreliable method for accurate genome size determinations."
- ↑15.015.1Greilhuber J, Borsch T, Müller K, Worberg A, Porembski S, and Barthlott W (2006). "Smallest angiosperm genomes found in Lentibulariaceae, with chromosomes of bacterial size".Plant Biology.8(6): 770–777.doi:10.1055/s-2006-924101.PMID17203433.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑Lang D, Zimmer AD, Rensing SA, Reski R (2008). "Exploring plant biodiversity: the Physcomitrella genome and beyond".Trends Plant Sci.13(10): 542–549.doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2008.07.002.PMID18762443.
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ignored (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑"Saccharomyces Genome Database".Yeastgenome.org.Nakuha noong2011-01-27.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑TheC. elegansSequencing Consortium (1998)."Genome sequence of the nematodeC. elegans:a platform for investigating biology ".Science.282(5396): 2012–2018.doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2012.PMID9851916.
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:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑Gregory TR (2005)."Animal Genome Size Database".http://www.genomesize.com.
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- ↑Adams MD, Celniker SE, Holt RA; atbp. (2000)."The genome sequence ofDrosophila melanogaster".Science.287(5461): 2185–95.Bibcode:2000Sci...287.2185..doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185.PMID10731132.Nakuha noong2007-05-25.
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(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑Wurm Y; atbp. (2011)."The genome of the fire antSolenopsis invicta".PNAS.108(14): 5679–5684.Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.5679W.doi:10.1073/pnas.1009690108.PMC3078418.PMID21282665.Nakuha noong2011-02-01.
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