Z avlod
Ushbu andoza quyidagi mavzuning bir qismi: |
Gʻarb dunyosidamavjud bo‘lganavlodlarquyidagi nomlar bilan atalgan |
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Z (zed) avlod,shuningdek, xalq tilidazumerlar[1][2]deya ataluvchiMillennialsavloddan keyingi, Alfa avloddan oldingidemografikkogorta.Tadqiqotchilar hamda mashurommaviy axborot vositalariushbu atamani XX asr 90-yillarining oʻrtalaridan 2010-yillarning dastlabki qismigacha boʻlgan davrda dunyoga kelgan avlod vakillari uchun qoʻllashadi. Zed avlodning aksariyat qismiX (iks) avlodvakillarining farzandlari hisoblanishadi[3].
Yoshligidanoqinternetva portativraqamli texnologiyalarmuhitida ulgʻaygan dastlabkiavlodsifatida tariflanuvchi „zumerlar “raqamli savodxonlikka ega boʻlmasalarda, „internet avlodi “, deb ham atalishadi[4][5][6].Qolaversa,ekran vaqtikeltirib chiqaruvchi salbiy taʼsirlari yosh bolalarga qaraganda zumer oʻsmirlarda koʻproq namoyon boʻladi[7].Oldingi avlodlar bilan solishtirganda, baʼzi rivojlangan mamlakatlarda Z avlod vakillari, odatda yaxshi xulq-atvorli, beparvo shaxslar boʻlib, xavf-xatar va tavakkalarni unchalik xush koʻrmaydilar[8].Zumerlar oʻz yoshlariga nisbatan, oʻzlaridan avvalgi avlodlar vakillariga qaraganda sekinroq yashashga moyildirlar[9][10].
Ushbu avlod vakillarida oʻsmirlik davridagihomiladorlikvaspirtli ichimliklaristeʼmol qilish koʻrsatkichlari quyi avlod vakillariga nisbatan kamroq darajada qayd etilgan[11].Biroq,psixofaol dorilarqabul qilish holatlari haqida bunday deyish mushkuldir[12][13].Zed avlod oʻsmirlari oʻtmishdoshlariga qaraganda akademik muvaffaqiyatlar va mehnat istiqbollari haqida koʻproq tashvishlanadilar[8][9].Ushbu xavotirlarga qaramay, ular 1960-yillardagi hamkasblariga qaraganda mamnuniyat hissidan koʻproq qoniqish hosil qilishadi[14].Oʻsmirlar orasida bu kabi qilmishlari qanday oqibatlarga olib kelishini tushunmagan holda amalga oshiriluvchiseksting– mobil telefon orqali shahvoniy suratlar yoki xabarlarni yuborish harakatlari koʻpaydi[15].Shu bilan birga, oʻsmirlar submadaniyatlari, garchi butunlay yoʻqolmagan boʻlsada moʻtadillasha boshladi[16][17].
Qiz bolalardabalogʻatga yetishdavrining oʻrtacha yosh koʻrsatgichi, global miqyosda, 20-asrga nisbatan[18][19]ancha qisqargani ularning farovonligi va kelajagiga taʼsir qilgani haqida dalillar mavjud[18][20][21][22].Bundan tashqari, zed avlod oʻsmirlaridaallergiya[23][24]varuhiy salomatlikbilan bogʻliq muammolar hamda bu kabi holatlar boʻyicha kelib tushgan murojaatlar soni anchagina yuqori koʻrsatgichlarga ega[8][25][26][27].Shuningdek, zumerlarda uyqusizlik kasalligi bilan bogʻliq muammolar ham keng kuzatiladi[5][28][29].Koʻpgina mamlakatlarda Zed avlodning yosh vakillariga oldingi avlod kishilariga qaraganda koʻproqaqliy zaiflikvapsixiatrik kasalliklarboʻyicha tashxis qoʻyiladi[30][31].
Butun dunyo boʻylab zed avlod vakillari elektron qurilmalarga koʻproq vaqt sarflaganlari uchunkitobmutolaa qilishdan uzilib qolishmoqda[32][33][34].Ushbu jarayon oqibatlari ularningdiqqat oralig'i(chalgʻishdan oldin bir vazifaga diqqatni jamlash uchun sarflangan vaqt miqdori)ga[35][36]soʻz boyligiga[37]va maktab baholariga[38],shuningdek, zamonaviy iqtisodiyotdagi kelajaklariga salbiy taʼsir keltirib chiqaradi[32].2000—2010-yillardaosiyolikpedagoglarodatda eng yaxshitalabalarniqidirib, ularni ragʻbatlantirgan boʻlsalar,Gʻarbiy YevropavaQoʻshma Shtatlardaasosiy eʼtibor past koʻrsatkichlarga qaratildi[39].
Terminning kelib chiqish etimologiyasi
[tahrir|manbasini tahrirlash]Ushbu atamaning qachon oʻrnashib qolganligini aniqlash uchun ilmiy jarayon mavjud boʻlmasa-da, maʼlum impulslar Gen Z qisqartmasidan oldin paydo boʻlganligiga ishora qilmoqda. Zed avlod atamasiX (iks) avlodboshlab berganalifbotartibini davom ettiruvchiY (igrik) avlod(Millennials)dan keyingi davr vakillari uchun qoʻllanadi[40][41].
Ushbu atamaning alternativ variantlari sifatida taklif qilingan nomlar orasidaAyJenereyshn(iGeneration)[42],Vatan avlodi(Homeland Generation),Net Jen(Net Gen)[42],Dijital Neytivs(Digital Natives)[42],Neo-Dijital Neytivs(Neo-Digital Natives)[43][44],Plyuralist avlod(Pluralist Generation)[42],Internet avlodi(Internet Generation)[45],Senteniyels(Centennials)[46]vaPost-Millennials[47]kabi atamalar mavjud.Internet avlodiatamasi ushbu avlodinternetommaviy ravishda qabul qilingandan keyingi davrda tugʻilgan shaxslarga ishora qiladi[45].
Psixologiyaboʻyichaprofessorva bir qancha kitoblarmuallifiJean Twenge(talaffuzi:Jan Tvenj)iGeneration(yokiqisqacha iGen (AyJen)) atamasini qoʻllagan dastlabki shaxs boʻlgan. Ushbu atamani oʻzining 2006-yilgi Millennials haqidagiGeneration Mekitobining sarlavhasi sifatida ishlatmoqchi boʻlgan. Biroq, bu harakatAtria Publishing Groupnashriyoti tomonidan bekor qilinadi. Oʻsha paytlardaiPodvaiMackompyuterlari bor edi, biroq, haliiPhonevaiPadlarmavjud boʻlmagan. Keyinchalik, Twenge ushbu atamani 2017-yilgiiGenkitobi uchun ishlatgan. Bu nom 2009-yilda demograf Cheryl Russell (talaffuzi:Sheril Rassell) tomonidan yaratilganiiGenkitobida tasdiqlangan[42].
2014-yilda yozuvchiNeil HoweWilliam Straussbilan birgalikdaStrauss–Howe avlod nazariyasiningdavomi sifatida „Vatan avlodi “jumlasini atama sifatida kiritdi. „Vatan“atamasi11-sentyabr xurujlariboʻlib oʻtgandan soʻng,Milliy xavfsizlik departamentikabi organlar tomonidan mamlakatning himoya nazorati choralari kuchga kirganidan keyingi vaqt davomida oʻz bolalik davrini oʻtkazgan dastlabki avlod vakillari uchun qoʻllanadi[48].
Yana qarang
[tahrir|manbasini tahrirlash]Manbalar
[tahrir|manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑„Words We're Watching: 'Zoomer' “.Merriam-Webster(2021-yil oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 25-oktyabr.
- ↑„zoomer “.Dictionary.com.Qaraldi: 2020-yil 14-iyun.
- ↑„Who Are the Parents of Gen Z? “.Signal Vine(2021-yil 26-avgust). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 10-mart.
- ↑Turner, Anthony (2015). „Generation Z: Technology And Social Interest “.Journal of Individual Psychology.71-jild, № 2. 103–113-bet.doi:10.1353/jip.2015.0021.
- ↑5,05,1Twenge, Jean.„Teens are sleeping less – but there's a surprisingly easy fix “.The Conversation(2017-yil 19-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 11-noyabr.
- ↑Strauss, Valerie.„Today's kids might be digital natives — but a new study shows they aren't close to being computer literate “.The Washington Post(2019-yil 16-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2019-yil 21-noyabr.
- ↑Adelantado-Renau, Mireia; Moliner-Urdiales, Diego; et al. (September 23, 2019). „Association Between Screen Media Use and Academic Performance Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis “.JAMA Pediatrics.173-jild, № 11. American Medical Association. 1058–1067-bet.doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3176.PMC6764013.PMID31545344.
- ↑8,08,18,2„Generation Z is stressed, depressed and exam-obsessed “.The Economist(2019-yil 27-fevral). Qaraldi: 2019-yil 28-mart.
- ↑9,09,1„Teenagers are better behaved and less hedonistic nowadays “.The Economist(2018-yil 10-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 29-sentyabr.
- ↑Twenge, Jean.„Why today's teens aren't in any hurry to grow up “.The Conversation(2017-yil 19-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 13-noyabr.
- ↑UCL.„How to fix the 'unhappiest generation ever' “(en).UCL News(2020-yil 6-avgust). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 8-avgust.
- ↑Schepis, Ty.„College-age kids and teens are drinking less alcohol – marijuana is a different story “.The Conversation(2020-yil 19-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 21-noyabr.
- ↑Hymas, Charles.„Generation Z swap drink for drugs as class A use by 16-24-year-olds rises by half in seven years “.The Telegraph(2020-yil 9-dekabr). 2020-yil 10-dekabrda asl nusxadanarxivlangan.Qaraldi: 2020-yil 19-dekabr.
- ↑Protzko, John (May–June 2020).„Kids These Days! Increasing delay of gratification ability over the past 50 years in children “.Intelligence.80-jild, № 101451.doi:10.1016/j.intell.2020.101451.
- ↑Del Rey, Rosario; Ojeda, Mónica; Casas, José A.; Mora-Merchán, Joaquín A.; Elipe, Paz (August 21, 2019). Rey, Lourdes (muh.). „Sexting Among Adolescents: The Emotional Impact and Influence of the Need for Popularity “.Frontiers in Psychology.10-jild, № 1828. 1828-bet.doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01828.PMC6712510.PMID31496968.
- ↑Petridis, Alexis.„Youth subcultures: what are they now? “.The Guardian(2014-yil 20-mart). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 4-yanvar.
- ↑Watts, Peter.„Is Youth Culture A Thing of the Past? “.Apollo Magazine(2017-yil 10-aprel). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 4-yanvar.
- ↑18,018,1Weir, Kirsten (March 2016).„The risks of earlier puberty “.Monitor.47-jild, № 3. American Psychological Association. 40-bet.
- ↑Eckert-Lind, Camilla; Busch, Alexander S.; Petersen, Jørgen H.; Biro, Frank M.; Butler, Gary; Bräuner, Elvira V.; Juul, Anders (2020). „Worldwide Secular Trends in Age at Pubertal Onset Assessed by Breast Development Among Girls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis “.JAMA Pediatrics.174-jild, № 4. American Medical Association. e195881-bet.doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5881.PMC7042934.PMID32040143.
- ↑Lamothe.„The health risks of maturing early “.BBC Future(2018-yil 12-iyun). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 9-yanvar.
- ↑University Of Southampton.„New Research Shows How Evolution Explains Age Of Puberty “.Science Daily(2005-yil 1-dekabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 28-dekabr.
- ↑Hochberg, Ze′ev; Konner, Melvin (2020). „Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage “.Frontiers in Endocrinology.10-jild, № 918. 918-bet.doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00918.PMC6970937.PMID31993019.
- ↑Graphic Detail.„The prevalence of peanut allergy has trebled in 15 years “.The Economist(2019-yil 3-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2019-yil 3-oktyabr.
- ↑„Why everybody is suddenly allergic to everything “.National Post(2019-yil 30-iyul). Qaraldi: 2019-yil 24-noyabr.
- ↑Chandler-Wilde, Helen.„The future of Gen Z's mental health: How to fix the 'unhappiest generation ever' “(en-GB).The Telegraph(2020-yil 6-avgust). 2022-yil 10-yanvarda asl nusxadanarxivlangan.Qaraldi: 2020-yil 8-avgust.
- ↑American Psychological Association.„Mental health issues increased significantly in young adults over last decade “.Science Daily(2019-yil 15-mart). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 31-dekabr.
- ↑Schraer, Rachel.„Is young people's mental health getting worse? “.BBC(2019-yil 11-fevral). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 26-dekabr.
- ↑Kansagra, Sujay (May 2020).„Sleep Disorders in Adolescents “.Pediatrics.145-jild, № Supplement 2. American Academy of Pediatrics. S204–S209-bet.doi:10.1542/peds.2019-2056I.PMID32358212.
- ↑University of Rochester.„Parents aren't powerless when it comes to sleep-deprived teenagers “.Science Daily(2020-yil 9-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 1-yanvar.
- ↑Maulik, Pallab K.; Mascarenhas, Maya N.; Mathers, Colin D.; Dua, Tarun; Saxena, Shekhar (2011).„Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta-analysis of population-based studies “.Research in Developmental Disabilities.32-jild, № 2. 419–436-bet.doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.018.PMID21236634.
- ↑Buckley, Nicholas; Glasson, Emma J.; et al. (May 30, 2020).„Prevalence estimates of mental health problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis “.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry.54-jild, № 10. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. 970–984-bet.doi:10.1177/0004867420924101.PMID32475125.
- ↑32,032,1Thomas, Leigh.„Education levels stagnating despite higher spending: OECD survey “.Reuters(2019-yil 3-dekabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 5-fevral.
- ↑Ferguson, Donna.„Children are reading less than ever before, research reveals “.The Guardian(2020-yil 29-fevral). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 7-noyabr.
- ↑Sliwa, Jim.„Teens Today Spend More Time on Digital Media, Less Time Reading “.American Psychological Association(2018-yil 20-avgust). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 8-noyabr.
- ↑„How Technology Affects the Attention Span of Children “.Your Therapy Source(2019-yil 18-aprel). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 31-mart.
- ↑„Too Much Screen Time? “.Penn State University.Qaraldi: 2021-yil 31-mart.
- ↑Massey University.„Vocabulary on decline due to fewer books “.Phys.org(2010-yil 20-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 7-noyabr.
- ↑Adams, Richard.„Teachers in UK report growing 'vocabulary deficiency' “.The Guardian(2018-yil 19-aprel). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 11-noyabr.
- ↑Clynes, Tom (September 7, 2016). „How to raise a genius: lessons from a 45-year study of super-smart children “.Nature.537-jild, № 7619. 152–155-bet.Bibcode:2016Natur.537..152C.doi:10.1038/537152a.PMID27604932.
- ↑Shapiro, Jordan.The New Childhood: Raising Kids to Thrive in a Connected World.Little, Brown, 2018.
- ↑„Generation Z “.Lexico.Oxford University Press. 2022-yil 29-iyulda asl nusxadanarxivlangan.Qaraldi: 2021-yil 19-may.
- ↑42,042,142,242,342,4Horovitz, Bruce.„After Gen X, Millennials, what should next generation be? “.USA Today(2012-yil 4-may). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 24-noyabr.
- ↑Thomas, Michael.Deconstructing Digital Natives: Young People, Technology, and the New Literacies(en). Taylor & Francis, 19 April 2011.ISBN978-1-136-73900-2.
- ↑Takahashi, Toshie T.„Japanese Youth and Mobile Media “.Rikkyo University. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 10-may.
- ↑45,045,1„Generations in Canada “.www12.statcan.gc.ca.
- ↑„Meet Generation Z “.CBS News.— „Generation Z is also hugely synonymous with technology because Centennials grew up in the era of smartphones. In fact, most of today's youth can't even remember a time before social media. “. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 15-yanvar.
- ↑Fry.„Early Benchmarks Show 'Post-Millennials' on Track to Be Most Diverse, Best-Educated Generation Yet “.Pew Research Center(2018-yil 15-noyabr).
- ↑
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Adabiyotlar
[tahrir|manbasini tahrirlash]- Palfrey, John.Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives.Basic Books, 2008.ISBN9780465005154.
- Arum, Richard.Academically Adrift - Limited Learning on College Campuses.Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2011.ISBN9780226028569.
- McCrindle, Mark.The ABC of XYZ: Understanding the Global Generations.McCrindle Research, 2014.
- Combi, Chloe.Generation Z: Their Voices, Their Lives.London: Hutchinson, 2015.OCLC910606762.
- Greenspan, Louise.The New Puberty: How to Navigate Early Development in Today's Girls.Rodale Books, 2015.ISBN978-1623365981.
Havolalar
[tahrir|manbasini tahrirlash]- Turli xillikning salbiy tomoni(inglizcha). Michael Jonas.The New York Times.2007-yil 5-avgust.
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