Isda

Bangus - usa ka klase ngaIsda

AnIsdaamo an usa kahayopnga ugsob mabilngan ha dagat ug ha matab-ang nga tubig, may butaktok, may hasang, ngan hingbis. May ada lahos 32,000 na species an isda. Kadam'an san kaisdaan amo in gintatawag naectothermicocold blooded.

Daramo na klase sin isda an mahihiagian sa palibot sa Pilipinas. An mga masunod amo an mga kilala na isda;bangus,tarukitok,pating,tambantamban,lahing,karpa, kipot, tangigi, unas,pantat,haruan,matambaka,buraw,sagision, iito,tilapia,bangkulis,iliw,malasugi,sapsap,baraka, bakoko,balanakngan galunggong.

Karpa

Ebolusyon

Una na ginuwas an isda sadtonCambrian explosion,mga 530 milyon katuig an nakalabay. An mga una na isda sigun san mgafossil recordamo in digto, waray sulang, nganarmored,ngan gintatawag naostracoderms.Extinctna haros an linya san mga waray sulang na isda. Sayo naextant clade,anlampreysan napareho san mga sadton wara sulang na isda. SaPlacoderm fossilsan una mga sulang san isda ginuwas, san panahon saSilurian.Ngan ginsundan na ini san pagkaguwas ngan pagdaramo san mga pating.

Taxonomiya

Ginbabahin sa tulo naextant classngan an extinct danay sakob san tulo na extant og may kalugaringun naclasssa traditional na klasipikasyon san mga isda:

• ClassAgnatha(jawless fish)
  • SubclassCyclostomata(hagfishnganlamprey)
  • SubclassOstracodermi(armoured jawless fish) †
• ClassChondrichthyes(cartilaginous fish)
  • SubclassElasmobranchii(mgapatingnganpagi)
  • SubclassHolocephali(chimaerasnganextinct relatives)
• ClassPlacodermi(armoured fish) †
• ClassAcanthodii( "spiny sharks", danay sakob san bony fishes)†
• ClassOsteichthyes(bony fish)
  • SubclassActinopterygii(ray finned fishes)
  • SubclassSarcopterygii(fleshy finned fishes,ninuno san tetrapods)

Anatomiya

An anatomiya sanLampanyctodes hectoris
(1) – operculum (takop san hasang), (2) – lateral line, (3) – dorsal fin, (4) – fat fin, (5) – caudal peduncle, (6) – caudal fin, (7) – anal fin, (8) – photophores, (9) – pelvic fins (paired), (10) – pectoral fins (magpadis)

Hasang

Kadam'an san isda nakuha hangin pinaagi sanhasangna ada sa ligid sa ngala-ngala san isda. May'ada mga mali-ulang na struktura an hasang na tinatawag nafilaments.An kada filament may'adacapillary networkna may darako nasurface areapara san pagsalyooxygensacarbon dioxide.Nakuha an isda hangin pinaagi sa pahigop tubig na mayaman sa oxygen ngan ibubuga pagawas sa hasang. Sa iba na isda, an agos san dugo baliktad na direksyon san agos san ginhigop na tubig, ancountercurrent exchange.Ginbubuga san hasang anoxygen-poorna tubig pagawas. An isda sugad sanpatingnganlamprey,mayada daramon na gawasan an hasang. Anbony fisho tonukon na isda may'ada la sayo na gawasan an hasang na natatakpan sanoperculum.

An bata pa nabichirmay'ada hasang na nakagawas, napareho ini san larva naampibyan.

Kasing-kasing

May'adaclosed-loop circulatory systeman isda. Ginbobomba an dugo sakasing-kasingsa bug'os na lawas. An kadam'an sa isda may kasing-kasing na may upat na parte, kaupod an duha nachambersngan an suluran ngan guwaan.An una na parte amo ansinus venosus,usa na manipis nasacna kolekta san dugo tikang sa mga ugat antis ipaagus ngadto sa ikaduha na parte, anatrium,na usa na darako nachambero kwarto. Nagseserbi an atrium naone-waynaantechamber,nagdadara san dugo pakadto san ikatulo na parte, anventricle.An ventricle amo in usa nathick-walled,ngan maskulado na kwarto ngan nagbobomba san dugo pakadto sa ikaupat na parte, anbulbus arteriosus,usa na dako na tubo, ngan paguwas san kasing-kasing. Anbulbus arteriosusnagkokonekta saaorta,kun diin naagi an dugo pakadto sa hasang para saoxygenation.

Hingbis

An hingbis san isda nagtitikang samesoderm(panit); pareho sini an istruktura sa tango.

Mga reperensya

• Eschmeyer, William N.; Fong, Jon David (2013)."Catalog of Fishes".California Academy of Sciences.
• Helfman, G.; Collette, B.; Facey, D. (1997).The Diversity of Fishes(1st ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.ISBN 978-0-86542-256-8.https://archive.org/details/diversityoffishe0000helf.
• Moyle, Peter B.; Cech, Joseph J. (2003).Fishes, An Introduction to Ichthyology(5th ed.). Benjamin Cummings.ISBN 978-0-13-100847-2.
• Nelson, Joseph S.(2006) (PDF).Fishes of the World(4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.ISBN 9780471756446.http://www.somas.stonybrook.edu/~conover/Textbooks/Fishes%2520of%2520the%2520World%2C%25204th%2520ed.%2520Joseph%2520S.%2520Nelson.pdf.Ginkuhà 30 Abril 2013.Ginhipos2013-03-05 hanWayback Machine"Archived copy"(PDF).Ginhipos tikang hanorihinal(PDF)han 5 Marso 2013.Ginkuhà25 Enero2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

Padugang nga barasahon

• Helfman, G.; Collette, B.; Facey, D.; Bowen, B. (2009).The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution, and Ecology(2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.ISBN 978-1-4051-2494-2.http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/helfman/.
• Moyle, Peter B. (1993)Fish: An Enthusiast's GuideUniversity of California Press.ISBN 9780520916654– good lay text.
• Shubin, Neil(2009)Your inner fish: A journey into the 3.5 billion year history of the human bodyVintage Books.ISBN 9780307277459.UCTVinterview

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Search Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commonshas media related to: FishorActinopterygiior Marine aquarium fishorFreshwater aquarium fish

Kitaa anfishha
Wiktionary,an gawasnon nga pagpurulongan o diksyunaryu.

• ANGFA– Illustrated database of freshwater fishes of Australia and New Guinea
• Fischinfos.deGinhipos2011-11-30 hanWayback Machine– Illustrated database of the freshwater fishes of Germany(Inaleman)
• FishBase online– Comprehensive database with information on over 29,000 fish species
• Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture CenterGinhipos2012-12-15 haArchive.today– Data outlet for fisheries and aquaculture research center in the central US
• Philippines Fishes– Database with thousands of Philippine Fishes photographed in natural habitat
• The Native Fish Conservancy– Conservation and study of North American freshwater fishes
• United Nation– Fisheries and Aquaculture Department: Fish and seafood utilization
• University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections– Digital collection of freshwater and marine fish images
• Charles B. Davenport;Ernest Ingersoll(1905)."Fish".New International Encyclopedia.