Papel
Anpapel[1]osuratan[2]amo an manipis nga materyales nga puydi pagsuratan, igpatik ngan igputos. Himo ini tikang ha kahoy, durudilain na banwa o daan nga tela o trapo. An Papel, ug an paghimo han papel amo in ginsusugad na nagtikang ha tsina sadton 105 A.D.
Kasaysayan[igliwat|Igliwat an wikitext]
An gidaani nga nahihibaruan naarchaeological fragmentna direkta naprecursorsan moderno na papel nagtitikang saTsinasadton 2nd century BC. An proseso san paghimo san papel pinaagi sanpulpamo in ginsisering na imbento niCai Lun,usa nacourt eunuchsadton2nd-century ADsaHan Dynasty.
Inabot saMiddle Eastngan ngadto samedieval European papel sadton 13th century, kun diin gintindog naman an una nawater-poweredpaper mill.[3] [1]Ginhipos2013-10-16 hanWayback Machine
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Mga una na gintikangan sanfibre[igliwat|Igliwat an wikitext]
Antes an industriyalisasyon san paghimo san papel, an pinakomon na ginkukuhaan san fibre para mahimo an papel amo anrecycled fibretikang san mga nagamit-na na na tela ngan gintatawag na trapo. An trapo himo tikang hanhemp, linenngangapas.[4].An proseso san pagtangal san tinta tikang sa recycled na papel amo in naimbento ni Justus Claproth, usa na aleman, sadton 1774.[5].Gintatawag ini na proceseso yana nadeinking.
Pinanbasaran[igliwat|Igliwat an wikitext]
- ↑Abuyen, Tomas A.Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog.Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000.ISBN 971-08-6050-X.Pakli Ihap 275.
- ↑Abuyen, Tomas A.Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog.Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000.ISBN 971-08-6050-X.Pakli Ihap 355.
- ↑Burns 1996,pp. 417f.
- ↑Göttsching, Lothar; Gullichsen, Johan; Pakarinen, Heikki; Paulapuro, Hannu; Yhdistys, Suomen Paperi-Insinöörien; Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (2000). Recycling fiber and deinking. Finland: Fapet Oy. pp. 12–14.ISBN 978-952-5216-07-3.OCLC 247670296.
- ↑Göttsching, Lothar; Gullichsen, Johan; Pakarinen, Heikki; Paulapuro, Hannu; Yhdistys, Suomen Paperi-Insinöörien; Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (2000). Recycling fiber and deinking. Finland: Fapet Oy. pp. 12–14.ISBN 978-952-5216-07-3.OCLC 247670296.
Padugang nga barasahon[igliwat|Igliwat an wikitext]
- Alexander Monro,The Paper Trail: An Unexpected History of the World's Greatest Invention,Allen Lane, 2014
Mga sumpay ha gawas[igliwat|Igliwat an wikitext]
- TAPPITechnical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
- How is paper made?Ginhipos2008-05-26 hanWayback Machineat TheStraight Dope,22 November 2005
- United States Government Printing Office: Government Paper Specification StandardsGinhipos2008-06-02 hanWayback Machine
- How Organic Paper is MadeGinhipos2008-09-15 hanWayback Machine
- Modern Paper Making Production System