拿破仑自杀用的枪被拍出1330万
近日，法兰西第一帝国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴用于自杀的两把枪在法国拍出169万欧元（约合1330万元人民币）。
🤔️小作业：
1. What significant event happened to Napoleon in the year 1814 according to the passage?
A) His defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.
B) His abdication and subsequent depression.
C) His exile to Saint Helena.
D) His coronation as Emperor.
无注释原文：
Pistols Napoleon planned to use to kill himself sold in France for €1.7m
From: The Guardian
Two pistols that Napoleon Bonaparte once intended to use to kill himself were sold in France on Sunday for €1.69m (US$1.8m), the auction house said, with the government banning their export so that they stay in the country as national treasures.
The identity of the buyer at the auction in Fontainebleau south of Paris of the finely adorned objects was not made public but the final sale price, with fees, was above the estimates of €1.2-1.5m.
The richly decorated guns inlaid with gold and silver feature the engraved image of Napoleon in full imperial pomp.
They are said to have almost been used to end the French ruler's life in 1814, when he was forced to give up power after foreign forces defeated his army and occupied Paris.
“After the defeat of the French campaign, he was totally depressed and wanted to commit suicide with these weapons but his grand squire removed the powder,” auction house expert Jean-Pierre Osenat told AFP before the sale.
Napoleon instead took poison but vomited and survived, and later gave the pistols to his squire to thank him for his loyalty, Osenat added.
Upon his abdication, Napoleon went into exile on the island of Elba off the coast of Italy. He would soon make a dramatic return to France, only to have his career definitively ended when he was defeated by the British at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, dying in exile on the island of Saint Helena six years later.
Memorabilia of the emperor is extremely sought after among collectors.
One of his famous “bicorne” black cocked hats with its blue, white and red trimmings sold for €1.9m in November.
Ahead of the sale of the weapons, the French culture ministry had classified the objects as national treasures and placed a ban on their export, in a decision published in the government's official journal on Saturday.
The issuing of the export ban certificate opens a 30-month period during which the French government can make a purchase offer to the unidentified new owner, who has the right to refuse.
Whatever its value and age, a cultural property qualified as a national treasure can leave France only temporarily, with a mandatory return.
“Being classified as a national treasure gives an incredible value to the object,” said a representative of the Osenat auction house, asking not to be named.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Pistols Napoleon planned to use to kill himself sold in France for €1.7m
From: The Guardian
Two pistols that Napoleon Bonaparte once intended to use to kill himself were sold in France on Sunday for €1.69m (US$1.8m), the auction house said, with the government banning their export so that they stay in the country as national treasures.
周日，拿破仑·波拿巴（Napoleon Bonaparte）曾打算用来自杀的两把手枪，在法国以169万欧元（约合180万美元）的价格售出。拍卖行表示，政府禁止这两把手枪出口，因此它们将作为国宝留在法国。
pistol
pistol /ˈpɪs.təl/ 表示“手枪”，英文解释为“a small gun that is held in and fired from one hand”如：a loaded pistol 上了膛的手枪。
auction house
auction house /ˈɔːk.ʃən ˌhaʊs/ 表示“拍卖行”，英文解释为“a company whose business is selling things at auction”
export
export /ɪkˈspɔːt/ 可以作名词，也可作动词，表示“出口；输出”，英文解释为“to send goods to another country for sale”举个🌰：French cheeses are exported to many different countries. 法国奶酪出口到很多国家。
The identity of the buyer at the auction in Fontainebleau south of Paris of the finely adorned objects was not made public but the final sale price, with fees, was above the estimates of €1.2-1.5m.
这些装饰精美的手枪在巴黎南部枫丹白露（Fontainebleau）拍卖，买家身份未公开，但最终成交价（含佣金）超过了120万至150万欧元的预估价。
finely
finely /ˈfaɪn.li/ 1）表示“好看地，漂亮地；美好地”，英文解释为“beautifully”举个🌰：The painting depicts a finely-dressed couple. 这幅画描绘了一对衣着华丽的夫妇。
2）表示“精确地；精密地”，英文解释为“to an exact degree”如：a finely-tuned engine 经过精确调整的发动机
word
adorn /əˈdɔːn/ 表示“装扮；装饰”，英文解释为“to add something decorative to a person or thing”举个🌰：The bride's hair was adorned with flowers. 新娘的头上戴着花朵。
📍「经济学人」一篇介绍日本选手大坂直美（Naomi Osaka）收获第二个大满贯赛冠军的文章就有这么一句：Congratulatory banners adorned the city hall. 市政厅里挂满了祝贺的横幅。
The richly decorated guns inlaid with gold and silver feature the engraved image of Napoleon in full imperial pomp.
这两把手枪装饰华丽，镶嵌金银，并刻有拿破仑的头像，尽显帝王风范。
decorate
decorate /ˈdek.ə.reɪt/ 1）表示“装饰，装点，打扮”，英文解释为“to add something to an object or place, especially in order to make it more attractive”举个🌰：They decorated the wedding car with ribbons and flowers. 他们用彩带和鲜花装点婚车。
2）熟词僻义，表示“（尤指授予奖章以）嘉奖，表彰”，英文解释为“to reward or honour a person by giving them something, especially a medal”举个🌰：They were decorated for their part in the rescue. 他们因在此次救援行动中的表现而受到嘉奖。
inlaid
inlaid /ɪnˈleɪd/ 表示“镶嵌的；嵌饰的”，英文解释为“having a decorative pattern put into a surface, or forming a pattern like this”举个🌰：The top of the wooden chest was inlaid with ivory. 木箱的顶部镶嵌着象牙。
engrave
engrave /ɪnˈɡreɪv/ 表示“在（金属、石头等）上雕刻（字、图案等）”，英文解释为“to cut words, pictures, or patterns into the surface of metal, stone, etc.”举个🌰：The jeweller skilfully engraved the initials on the ring. 珠宝商很巧妙地把名字的首字母刻在了戒指上。
imperial
imperial /ɪmˈpɪə.ri.əl/ 表示“帝国的；皇帝的”，英文解释为“belonging or relating to an empire or the person or country that rules it”如：Britain's imperial past 英国的帝国史。
pomp
pomp /pɒmp/ 表示“典礼，盛典，盛况；（尤指）传统庆典”，英文解释为“impressive and colourful ceremonies, especially traditional ceremonies on public occasions”举个🌰：Despite all the pomp of his office/position, he has only limited powers. 他尽管职位显赫，权力却很有限。
📍in sb's pomp 表示“（某人）最成功（或最受欢迎）的时期，鼎盛时期”，英文解释为“at a time when someone was most successful or popular”举个🌰：Today his game was reminiscent of that of Pele in his pomp. 目前他的状态犹如贝利鼎盛时期的样子。
📍pomp and circumstance 表示“正式庆典，隆重仪式”，英文解释为“formal ceremonies”举个🌰：After two hours of pomp and circumstance, the diplomas were awarded and the audience went wild. 两小时的隆重仪式过后，颁发了毕业文凭，观众们疯狂起来。
They are said to have almost been used to end the French ruler's life in 1814, when he was forced to give up power after foreign forces defeated his army and occupied Paris.
据称，1814年，当外国军队击败拿破仑的军队并占领巴黎，拿破仑被迫放弃权力时，他曾打算用这两把手枪自杀。
“After the defeat of the French campaign, he was totally depressed and wanted to commit suicide with these weapons but his grand squire removed the powder,” auction house expert Jean-Pierre Osenat told AFP before the sale.
拍卖行专家让·皮埃尔·奥斯纳特（Jean-Pierre Osenat）在拍卖前告诉法新社（AFP）记者，“法国战役失败后，拿破仑感到非常沮丧，想用手枪自杀，但他的贴身侍从拿走了弹药。”
grand squire
squire /skwaɪər/ 1）表示“（旧时英格兰的）乡绅，大地主”，英文解释为“in the past in England, a man who owned most of the land around a village”
2）表示“（旧时骑士的）扈从”，英文解释为“in the past in England, a man who owned most of the land around a village”
在法国，grand squire指的是一种宫廷头衔或职务，主要用于指那些在皇家或贵族宫廷中担任重要侍从职责的人。这个职位通常负责协助国王或贵族，管理宫廷事务，提供个人服务，并可能涉及礼仪活动的组织和监督。
powder
powder /ˈpaʊ.dər/ 表示“粉，粉末”，英文解释为“a loose, dry substance that consists of extremely small pieces, usually made by breaking something up and crushing it”如：curry/chilli powder 咖哩/辣椒粉。
2）等于gunpowder，gunpowder /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊ.dər/ 表示“火药”，英文解释为“an explosive mixture of substances in the form of a powder, used for making explosive devices and fireworks”
Napoleon instead took poison but vomited and survived, and later gave the pistols to his squire to thank him for his loyalty, Osenat added.
奥斯纳特补充道，拿破仑后来服毒自杀，但因呕吐而活了下来，并将手枪赠予他的贴身侍从以感谢他的忠诚。
vomit
vomit /ˈvɒm.ɪt/ 表示“呕吐”，英文解释为“to empty the contents of the stomach through the mouth”举个🌰：He came home drunk and vomited all over the kitchen floor. 他醉醺醺地回到家里，在厨房里吐了一地。
loyalty
loyalty /ˈlɔɪ.əl.ti/ 表示“忠诚，忠实”，英文解释为“the quality of being loyal”举个🌰：His loyalty was never in question. 他的忠诚从未受到怀疑。
Upon his abdication, Napoleon went into exile on the island of Elba off the coast of Italy. He would soon make a dramatic return to France, only to have his career definitively ended when he was defeated by the British at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, dying in exile on the island of Saint Helena six years later.
退位后，拿破仑被流放到意大利海岸附近的厄尔巴岛（Elba）。他很快就戏剧性地回到了法国，但在1815年滑铁卢战役中被英国人击败，最终在圣赫勒拿岛（Saint Helena）流放六年后去世。
abdication
abdication /ˌæb.dɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“逊位，退位，让位，正式放弃（王位）”，英文解释为“an occasion when a king or queen makes a formal statement that he or she no longer wants to be king or queen”
exile
exile /ˈek.saɪl/ /ˈeɡ.zaɪl/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“流放，放逐，流亡”，英文解释为“to send someone away from their own country, village, etc., especially for political reasons”举个🌰：The monarch was exiled. 国王被迫流亡。
definitively
definitively /dɪˈfɪn.ɪ.tɪv.li/ 表示“确定地，最后地，权威地”，英文解释为“in a way that is not able to be changed or improved”举个🌰：The link between lung cancer and air pollution has not been definitively proved. 肺癌与空气污染的联系并没有得到最后的论证。
Memorabilia of the emperor is extremely sought after among collectors.
拿破仑的纪念品在收藏家中极为抢手。
memorabilia
memorabilia /ˌmem.ər.əˈbɪl.i.ə/ 表示“纪念品”，英文解释为“objects that are collected because they are connected with a person or event that is thought to be very interesting”如：an auction of pop memorabilia 通俗艺术纪念品的拍卖。
One of his famous “bicorne” black cocked hats with its blue, white and red trimmings sold for €1.9m in November.
11 月，他标志性的黑色双角帽以190万欧元的价格售出，帽子上饰有蓝、白、红三色。
trimming
trimming /ˈtrɪm.ɪŋ/ 表示“镶边饰物；花边”，英文解释为“(a piece of) decorative material added around the edge of something”举个🌰：I want a plain black cardigan with no fancy trimmings. 我要一件素净的黑色套头外衣，没有花哨镶边的。
Ahead of the sale of the weapons, the French culture ministry had classified the objects as national treasures and placed a ban on their export, in a decision published in the government's official journal on Saturday.
在手枪拍卖之前，法国文化部已将这些物品列为国宝，并禁止其出口，这一决定于周六发表在政府官方公报上。
classify
classify /ˈklæs.ɪ.faɪ/ 表示“将…分类，将…归类；把…分级”，英文解释为“to divide things or people into groups according to their type, or to say which group or type something or someone belongs to”举个🌰：The books in the library are classified by/according to subject. 图书馆的书是按照学科分类的。
The issuing of the export ban certificate opens a 30-month period during which the French government can make a purchase offer to the unidentified new owner, who has the right to refuse.
出口禁令证书的签发意味着，在30个月内，法国政府可以向未公开的新所有者提出购买要约，但新所有者有权拒绝。
certificate
certificate /səˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ 1）表示“证书；证明”，英文解释为“an official document that states that the information on it is true”如：a birth/marriage/death certificate 出生/结婚/死亡证明；
2）表示“成绩合格证书；毕业证书”，英文解释为“the qualification that you receive when you are successful in an exam”举个🌰：She has a Certificate in Drama Education. 她有戏剧教育资格证书。
unidentified
unidentified /ˌʌn.aɪˈden.tɪ.faɪd/表示“（名字）未知的，不明的，保密的”，英文解释为“whose name is not known or is being kept secret”举个🌰：Police are investigating the death of an unidentified man whose body was found yesterday. 昨天发现的一具无名男尸，警方正在调查该案件。
Whatever its value and age, a cultural property qualified as a national treasure can leave France only temporarily, with a mandatory return.
无论其价值和年代如何，若要将被列为国宝的文物带离法国只能是暂时性的，且必须归还。
qualify
qualify /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪ/ 1）表示“（使）具有资格，（使）合格”，英文解释为“to successfully finish a training course so that you are able to do a job; to have or achieve the necessary skills, etc.”举个🌰：She hopes to qualify (as a teacher) at the end of the year. 她希望在年底获得（教师）资格。
🎬电影《合伙人》（The Company Men）中的台词提到：只靠我的薪水我们不可能再成功申请房贷 We're not going to be able to qualify for another house on just my salary.
2）表示“达标；获得参赛资格”，英文解释为“to be of a high enough standard to enter a competition; to defeat another person or team in order to enter or continue in a competition”举个🌰：He failed to qualify. 他未能获得参赛资格。
mandatory
mandatory /ˈmæn.də.tər.i/ 表示“强制的；必须履行的；法定的”，英文解释为“Something that is mandatory must be done, or is demanded by law.”举个🌰：Athletes must undergo a mandatory drugs test before competing in the championship. 运动员在锦标赛前必须进行强制性药检。
“Being classified as a national treasure gives an incredible value to the object,” said a representative of the Osenat auction house, asking not to be named.
奥斯纳特拍卖行的一位不愿透露姓名的发言人说：“被列为国宝赋予了这件文物极其巨大的价值。”
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