Information Ratio (a.k.a Appraisal Ratio) shows the consistency of a fund manager in generating excess returns over the benchmark. It is measured by dividing the Mean Active return (Fund Return – Benchmark Return) by the volatility of Active return. The volatility (or Standard Deviation) of Active return is called Tracking Error.

Information Ratio = Mean of (Portfolio Return – Benchmark Return) / Tracking Error

The higher the Information Ratio, the more consistent the fund manager is in generating excess returns.