Nicolas Winding Refn
- Writer
- Director
- Producer
Writer, director, and producer Nicolas Winding Refn was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1970 toAnders Refn,a film director, and editor, andVibeke Winding(née Tuxen), a cinematographer. At the age of 8, NWR moved to New York with his parents, where he would stay for the rest of his youth. The grandeur and grit of 1980s Manhattan left a deep impression on the young NWR, who then only spoke Danish. Calling the city home ever since, he would devote his career to exploring the filmic legacy of this iconic cityscape, developing a distinctive, neo-noir cinematic style.
In 1987, NWR returned to Copenhagen to complete his high school education, but upon graduation, he swiftly returned to New York, where he attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. NWR's college years were cut short when NWR threw a desk at a classroom wall and was expelled from the Academy. Instead, he applied to the directing program at the distinguished Danish Film School and was immediately accepted. However, this education was also to be short-lived, as NWR dropped out a month before the start of the semester.
During these educational bouts, NWR experimented passionately with the short film format, writing, directing, and starring in his own productions. In 1993, an obscure Danish cable TV channel offered to air his short film Pusher, which led to the offer of a lifetime. NWR was given 3.2 million kroner (roughly USD 306,000) to transform the short into a feature. At 24 years old, NWR used the funding to write and direct the feature filmPusher (1996),a brutal portrayal of the criminal underworld of Copenhagen. Notorious, violent, and uncompromising in its social themes, Pusher won NWR instant national and international critical acclaim and remains a cult title amongst film aficionados. The success of his debut opened doors and spurred him to push the boundaries of filmmaking further, resulting in the similarly grittyBleeder (1999),which portrayed a network of Copenhagen's working-class denizens living and working at the edge of the law. Highly stylized and focused on introverted emotional reactions to epic situations, this film was a turning point for shaping NWR's future career. Bleeder was selected for the 1999 Venice International Film Festival and won the prestigious FIPRESCI Prize in Sarajevo.
NWR's third feature, the much-anticipatedFear X (2003),was his first foray into English-language movies. Starring the award-winning actorJohn Turturro,Fear X premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. The film was highly divisive to critics, and its release was a massive financial disaster that left NWR broke and in debt. In dire desperation and needing to pay off his debt, NWR returned to Denmark to revisit his first feature film, the successful Pusher. NWR was reluctant to return to his past success but decided he could make commercially viable and artistically pleasing films in the Pusher franchise. Over the short course of two years, NWR managed to write, direct, and produce the two sequels,Pusher II (2004)andPusher III (2005).The films' box office performance validated the success of the internationally renowned Pusher trilogy. In 2005, the Toronto Film Festival held a Pusher retrospective showing all three features, cementing its worldwide phenomenon. Around this time, while still looking for financial stability following his Fear X experience, NWR took a quick gig directing an episode of the iconic UK television mystery series Agatha Christie'sAgatha Christie's Marple (2004).
With such critical acclaim from the newly released Pusher II and Pusher III, NWR's reputation as a writer, director, and producer was solidly reaffirmed in the film industry. NWR and his wife,Liv Corfixen,were the subjects of an acclaimed documentary,Gambler (2006),which premiered at the Rotterdam International Film Festival in 2005. In addition, NWR received two lifetime-achievement awards: one from the Taipei International Film Festival in 2006 and the second from the Valencia International Film Festival in 2007. Gambler won the Emerging Master Award from the Philadelphia International Film Festival 2005.
Longtime UK based distributor and friend of NWR,Rupert Preston,urged him to accept an offer to write and directBronson (2008),an ultra-violent and stylistically surreal film following the real-life landmarks and self-entrapment of Charles Bronson, Britain's most notorious criminal. Even before the film was released, Bronson made waves inside and outside the film industry. The 2009 Sundance Film Festival selected the film for its World Cinema Dramatic Competition, and Bronson soon became the talk of the festival. With such a prestigious premiere, Bronson was chosen for other major international film festivals and reaped substantial box-office results. But even with such a buzz surrounding the film, no one could predict how the British press would bite at Bronson's bit. The content was close to the knuckle, the subject matter controversial, but NWR's take on this was even more inspired, leading him to be labeled by the British media as the next great auteur of European cinema. The film won Best Film at the 2009 Sydney Film Festival.Tom Hardyalso won a Best Actor award at the 2009 British Independent Film Awards for his portrayal of Charles Bronson.
Following the highly successful Bronson, NWR embarked on another English-language, and his first digitally shot, feature film,Valhalla Rising (2009),inspired by a story his mother would read to him at the age of five, about a father and son who embark on a trip to the moon. He creatively embraced not recalling the ending of this story, solidifying his longtime fascination with the unknown. The film, starring frequent collaboratorMads Mikkelsen,premiered at the 2009 Venice Film Festival and led the world media to coin his distinctive filmic style as "Refn-esque."
In 2011, NWR directed the American neo-noir crime dramaDrive (2011),starring rising Hollywood starRyan Gosling.It premiered in competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, where it received a standing ovation, with NWR winning the award for Best Director. The film was praised for its direction, cinematography, actors' performances, visuals, action sequences, and musical score. However, some critics were appalled by its graphic violence, finding it potentially detrimental to the film's box office success. Nonetheless, the film was still a commercial success, grossing $81 million against a production budget of $15 million. Several critics listed Drive as one of the best films of 2011, including the National Board of Review. Its honors include a nomination for Best Sound Editing at the 84th Academy Awards. Shortly after the massive success of Drive, Nicolas signed a two-picture deal, which led to the feature filmsOnly God Forgives (2013)andThe Neon Demon (2016).
The incredibly anticipated follow-up to Drive, Only God Forgives (2013), was a crime thriller set in Bangkok starring Ryan Gosling (now a top name in Hollywood) and cinematic veteranKristin Scott Thomas,premiering in competition at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. It was shot on location in Thailand and was dedicated to Chilean directorAlejandro Jodorowsky,a longtime friend of Nicolas. The film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. The film won the Grand Prize at the Sydney Film Festival. Nicolas's experience making the Only God Forgives was documented by his wife, Liv Corfixen, in the filmMy Life Directed by Nicolas Winding Refn (2014).Corfixen's documentary, in turn, premiered at Fantastic Fest in Austin, TX, and at Beyond Fest in Los Angeles, CA, to positive reviews.
In November of 2014, NWR, alongside co-producers Gaumont Film Company and Wild Bunch, announced that his next film would be titledThe Neon Demon (2016).The Neon Demon would be filmed in Los Angeles, CA, in early 2015. The film featured a cast of some of Hollywood's greatest names, includingElle Fanning,Karl Glusman,Keanu Reeves,Christina Hendricks,Abbey Lee,Jena Malone,andBella Heathcote.On April 14, 2016, it was announced that the film would compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival, marking it as the third consecutive film directed by NWR that had competed for the Palme d'Or. After The Neon Demon, Nicolas decided to take a turn and explored the path of the long-form narrative streaming series, starting withToo Old to Die Young (2019)and ending withCopenhagen Cowboy (2022).
In 2019, Nicolas created his first television series,Too Old to Die Young (2019),which premiered on Amazon Prime 2019. The thirteen-and-a-half-hour, ten-episode streaming neo-noir series was written by NWR and legendary comic book authorEd Brubaker,with NWR directing all ten episodes. The series starredMiles TelleralongsideWilliam Baldwin,Jena Malone,John Hawkes,Cristina Rodlo,Augusto Aguilera,Nell Tiger Free,Babs Olusanmokun,andCallie Hernandez,as well asHart Bochner.The series features NWR's fourth collaboration with composerCliff Martinez,whose original score for Drive had become an instant classic. Episodes four and five of the series premiered out of competition at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival on May 18. The full series was released on Amazon Prime Video on June 14 of the same year.
NWR followed up Too Old to Die Young with yet another limited streaming series,Copenhagen Cowboy (2022),produced by Netflix. The series follows Enigma tic young heroine, Miu (Angela Bundalovic), who after a lifetime of servitude and on the verge of a new beginning, traverses the ominous landscape of Copenhagen's criminal netherworld. Searching for justice and enacting vengeance, she encounters her nemesis, Rakel, (Lola Corfixen) as they embark on an odyssey where the two young women discover they are not alone, they are many. It was shot in NWR's native Copenhagen, where he hadn't filmed since completing his Pusher trilogy. NWR created and directed all six episodes. The six-episode supernatural noir-thriller first premiered at the Venice Film Festival in 2022. The series was released on the Netflix platform on January 5, 2023. A documentary entitledCopenhagen Cowboy: Nightcall with Nicolas Winding Refn (2023)and directed byNicklas Kold Nagel,was released on Netflix detailing the limited series production.
After Copenhagen Cowboy, NWR was contacted by Prada to create an installation as a backdrop for their SS23 women's collection fashion show in addition to directing a 30-minute short film,Touch of Crude (2022).The short film follows three different women, played by NWR's wife, Liv Corfixen, and daughters,Lola CorfixenandLizzielou Corfixen,who discover a mysterious entity and unearth its Enigma tic secret. The film marked the first collaboration with Prada, which simultaneously premiered at the León Film Festival in 2023.
In 1987, NWR returned to Copenhagen to complete his high school education, but upon graduation, he swiftly returned to New York, where he attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. NWR's college years were cut short when NWR threw a desk at a classroom wall and was expelled from the Academy. Instead, he applied to the directing program at the distinguished Danish Film School and was immediately accepted. However, this education was also to be short-lived, as NWR dropped out a month before the start of the semester.
During these educational bouts, NWR experimented passionately with the short film format, writing, directing, and starring in his own productions. In 1993, an obscure Danish cable TV channel offered to air his short film Pusher, which led to the offer of a lifetime. NWR was given 3.2 million kroner (roughly USD 306,000) to transform the short into a feature. At 24 years old, NWR used the funding to write and direct the feature filmPusher (1996),a brutal portrayal of the criminal underworld of Copenhagen. Notorious, violent, and uncompromising in its social themes, Pusher won NWR instant national and international critical acclaim and remains a cult title amongst film aficionados. The success of his debut opened doors and spurred him to push the boundaries of filmmaking further, resulting in the similarly grittyBleeder (1999),which portrayed a network of Copenhagen's working-class denizens living and working at the edge of the law. Highly stylized and focused on introverted emotional reactions to epic situations, this film was a turning point for shaping NWR's future career. Bleeder was selected for the 1999 Venice International Film Festival and won the prestigious FIPRESCI Prize in Sarajevo.
NWR's third feature, the much-anticipatedFear X (2003),was his first foray into English-language movies. Starring the award-winning actorJohn Turturro,Fear X premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. The film was highly divisive to critics, and its release was a massive financial disaster that left NWR broke and in debt. In dire desperation and needing to pay off his debt, NWR returned to Denmark to revisit his first feature film, the successful Pusher. NWR was reluctant to return to his past success but decided he could make commercially viable and artistically pleasing films in the Pusher franchise. Over the short course of two years, NWR managed to write, direct, and produce the two sequels,Pusher II (2004)andPusher III (2005).The films' box office performance validated the success of the internationally renowned Pusher trilogy. In 2005, the Toronto Film Festival held a Pusher retrospective showing all three features, cementing its worldwide phenomenon. Around this time, while still looking for financial stability following his Fear X experience, NWR took a quick gig directing an episode of the iconic UK television mystery series Agatha Christie'sAgatha Christie's Marple (2004).
With such critical acclaim from the newly released Pusher II and Pusher III, NWR's reputation as a writer, director, and producer was solidly reaffirmed in the film industry. NWR and his wife,Liv Corfixen,were the subjects of an acclaimed documentary,Gambler (2006),which premiered at the Rotterdam International Film Festival in 2005. In addition, NWR received two lifetime-achievement awards: one from the Taipei International Film Festival in 2006 and the second from the Valencia International Film Festival in 2007. Gambler won the Emerging Master Award from the Philadelphia International Film Festival 2005.
Longtime UK based distributor and friend of NWR,Rupert Preston,urged him to accept an offer to write and directBronson (2008),an ultra-violent and stylistically surreal film following the real-life landmarks and self-entrapment of Charles Bronson, Britain's most notorious criminal. Even before the film was released, Bronson made waves inside and outside the film industry. The 2009 Sundance Film Festival selected the film for its World Cinema Dramatic Competition, and Bronson soon became the talk of the festival. With such a prestigious premiere, Bronson was chosen for other major international film festivals and reaped substantial box-office results. But even with such a buzz surrounding the film, no one could predict how the British press would bite at Bronson's bit. The content was close to the knuckle, the subject matter controversial, but NWR's take on this was even more inspired, leading him to be labeled by the British media as the next great auteur of European cinema. The film won Best Film at the 2009 Sydney Film Festival.Tom Hardyalso won a Best Actor award at the 2009 British Independent Film Awards for his portrayal of Charles Bronson.
Following the highly successful Bronson, NWR embarked on another English-language, and his first digitally shot, feature film,Valhalla Rising (2009),inspired by a story his mother would read to him at the age of five, about a father and son who embark on a trip to the moon. He creatively embraced not recalling the ending of this story, solidifying his longtime fascination with the unknown. The film, starring frequent collaboratorMads Mikkelsen,premiered at the 2009 Venice Film Festival and led the world media to coin his distinctive filmic style as "Refn-esque."
In 2011, NWR directed the American neo-noir crime dramaDrive (2011),starring rising Hollywood starRyan Gosling.It premiered in competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, where it received a standing ovation, with NWR winning the award for Best Director. The film was praised for its direction, cinematography, actors' performances, visuals, action sequences, and musical score. However, some critics were appalled by its graphic violence, finding it potentially detrimental to the film's box office success. Nonetheless, the film was still a commercial success, grossing $81 million against a production budget of $15 million. Several critics listed Drive as one of the best films of 2011, including the National Board of Review. Its honors include a nomination for Best Sound Editing at the 84th Academy Awards. Shortly after the massive success of Drive, Nicolas signed a two-picture deal, which led to the feature filmsOnly God Forgives (2013)andThe Neon Demon (2016).
The incredibly anticipated follow-up to Drive, Only God Forgives (2013), was a crime thriller set in Bangkok starring Ryan Gosling (now a top name in Hollywood) and cinematic veteranKristin Scott Thomas,premiering in competition at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. It was shot on location in Thailand and was dedicated to Chilean directorAlejandro Jodorowsky,a longtime friend of Nicolas. The film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. The film won the Grand Prize at the Sydney Film Festival. Nicolas's experience making the Only God Forgives was documented by his wife, Liv Corfixen, in the filmMy Life Directed by Nicolas Winding Refn (2014).Corfixen's documentary, in turn, premiered at Fantastic Fest in Austin, TX, and at Beyond Fest in Los Angeles, CA, to positive reviews.
In November of 2014, NWR, alongside co-producers Gaumont Film Company and Wild Bunch, announced that his next film would be titledThe Neon Demon (2016).The Neon Demon would be filmed in Los Angeles, CA, in early 2015. The film featured a cast of some of Hollywood's greatest names, includingElle Fanning,Karl Glusman,Keanu Reeves,Christina Hendricks,Abbey Lee,Jena Malone,andBella Heathcote.On April 14, 2016, it was announced that the film would compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival, marking it as the third consecutive film directed by NWR that had competed for the Palme d'Or. After The Neon Demon, Nicolas decided to take a turn and explored the path of the long-form narrative streaming series, starting withToo Old to Die Young (2019)and ending withCopenhagen Cowboy (2022).
In 2019, Nicolas created his first television series,Too Old to Die Young (2019),which premiered on Amazon Prime 2019. The thirteen-and-a-half-hour, ten-episode streaming neo-noir series was written by NWR and legendary comic book authorEd Brubaker,with NWR directing all ten episodes. The series starredMiles TelleralongsideWilliam Baldwin,Jena Malone,John Hawkes,Cristina Rodlo,Augusto Aguilera,Nell Tiger Free,Babs Olusanmokun,andCallie Hernandez,as well asHart Bochner.The series features NWR's fourth collaboration with composerCliff Martinez,whose original score for Drive had become an instant classic. Episodes four and five of the series premiered out of competition at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival on May 18. The full series was released on Amazon Prime Video on June 14 of the same year.
NWR followed up Too Old to Die Young with yet another limited streaming series,Copenhagen Cowboy (2022),produced by Netflix. The series follows Enigma tic young heroine, Miu (Angela Bundalovic), who after a lifetime of servitude and on the verge of a new beginning, traverses the ominous landscape of Copenhagen's criminal netherworld. Searching for justice and enacting vengeance, she encounters her nemesis, Rakel, (Lola Corfixen) as they embark on an odyssey where the two young women discover they are not alone, they are many. It was shot in NWR's native Copenhagen, where he hadn't filmed since completing his Pusher trilogy. NWR created and directed all six episodes. The six-episode supernatural noir-thriller first premiered at the Venice Film Festival in 2022. The series was released on the Netflix platform on January 5, 2023. A documentary entitledCopenhagen Cowboy: Nightcall with Nicolas Winding Refn (2023)and directed byNicklas Kold Nagel,was released on Netflix detailing the limited series production.
After Copenhagen Cowboy, NWR was contacted by Prada to create an installation as a backdrop for their SS23 women's collection fashion show in addition to directing a 30-minute short film,Touch of Crude (2022).The short film follows three different women, played by NWR's wife, Liv Corfixen, and daughters,Lola CorfixenandLizzielou Corfixen,who discover a mysterious entity and unearth its Enigma tic secret. The film marked the first collaboration with Prada, which simultaneously premiered at the León Film Festival in 2023.
