Morokho

IMorocco</img> ), ngokusemthethweniuBukumkani baseMorocco,lilizwe elikummandla waseMaghreb kuMntla-ntshona weAfrika. Ijonge uLwandle lweMeditera emantla kunye noLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki ngasentshona, kwaye inemida yomhlaba kunyeneAlgeriangasempuma, kunye nommandla ophikisanayo weNtshona yeSahara emazantsi.IMauritaniaimi kumazantsi eNtshona yeSahara. I-Morocco iphinda ibango i-Spanishexclaves ye -Ceuta, i-Melilla kunye ne-Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, kunye neziqithi ezincinci ezilawulwa yi-Spanish ezikunxweme lwayo.^[1]Igubungela ummandla wama-^[2]okanye, enabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-37. Unqulo lwayo olusemthethweni noluphambili bubuSilamsi, kwaye iilwimi ezisemthethweni sisiArabhu nesiBerber; Isiyelelane saseMorocco sesiArabhunesiFrentshisikwathethwa kakhulu. Isazisi saseMorocco kunye nenkcubeko yingxubevange yama -Arabhu, amaBerber, amaAfrika kunye neenkcubeko zaseYurophu. Ikomkhulu layo yiRabat, ngelixa eyona dolophu inkulu iyiCasablanca.^[3]

Kwingingqi ehlala abantu ukususela kwixesha le- Paleolithic kwiminyaka eyi-300,000 eyadlulayo, ilizwe lokuqala laseMorocco lasekwa ngu -Idris I ngo-788. Emva koko yalawulwa luthotho lweedynasties ezizimeleyo, yafikelela kwinqanaba layo njengamandla engingqi kwi-11th kunye ne-12th inkulungwane, phantsi kwe- Almoravid kunye ne-Almohad dynasties, xa yayilawula uninzi lwePeninsula yase-Iberia kunye neMaghreb.^[4]Iinkulungwane zokufuduka kwama-Arabhu ukuya eMaghreb ukusukela kwinkulungwane yesi-7 yatshintsha indawo yaseMorocco. Ngenkulungwane ye-15 neye-16, iMorocco yajongana nezoyikiso zangaphandle kulawulo lwayo, kunye nePortugal yathatha indawo ethile kunye noBukhosi base-Ottoman bungena empuma. Ubukhosi baseMarinid kunye noSaadi ngenye indlela baxhathisa ulawulo lwamazwe angaphandle, kwaye iMorocco yayikuphela kwelizwe laseMntla Afrika elasinda kulawulo lwase-Ottoman. Ubukhosi be-'Alawi, obulawula ilizwe ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, bahlutha amandla ngo-1631, kwaye kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezalandelayo bandisa ubudlelwane bezozakuzo kunye nezorhwebo kunye nehlabathi laseNtshona. Indawo yobuchule yaseMorocco kufutshane nomlomo weMeditera yavuselela umdla waseYurophu; Ngo-1912, iFransi neSpain zahlula ilizwe lazizikhuselo ezihlukeneyo, zigcina indawo yamazwe ngamazwe eTangier. Ukulandela izidubedube eziqhubekayo kunye nokuvukela ulawulo lwamakholoniyali, ngo-1956, iMorocco yaphinda yafumana uzimele-geqe kwaye imanyana kwakhona.

Ukusukela kwinkululeko, iMorocco ihleli izinzile. Inoqoqosho lwesihlanu ngobukhulu e-Afrika kwaye inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi-Afrika nakwilizwe lama -Arabhu; ithathwa njengegunya eliphakathi kwimicimbi yehlabathi kwaye inamalungu kuManyano lweArabhu, iManyano yeMeditera kunye neManyano yeAfrika.^[5]I-Morocco lilizwe elimanyeneyo lomgaqo-siseko kunye nepalamente eyonyuliweyo. Isebe elilawulayo likhokelwa nguKumkani waseMorocco kunye nenkulumbuso, ngelixa amandla owiso-mthetho abekwe kumagumbi amabini epalamente: iNdlu yabaMeli kunye neNdlu yamaCeba. Amandla enkundla axhomekeke kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, enokuthi iphonononge ukuba semthethweni kwemithetho, unyulo kunye nohlolo. Ukumkani unegunya elikhulu lokulawula kunye nowiso-mthetho, ngakumbi emkhosini, inkqubo yangaphandle kunye nemicimbi yenkolo; angakhupha imimiselo ebizwa ngokubaziidahirs,enegunya lomthetho, kwaye angayichitha ipalamente emva kokubonisana nenkulumbuso kunye nomongameli wenkundla yomgaqo-siseko.

I-Morocco ibanga ubunini bommandla ongalawulekiyo we- Western Sahara, ewunyule ukuba ngamaPhondo aseMazantsi. Ngowe-1975, emva kokuba iSpeyin ivumile ukuwushenxisa lo mmandla ize inike iMorocconeMauritaniaukulawula, kwaqhambuka imfazwe yabanqolobi phakathi kwaloo magunya nabanye kubemi balapho. Ngowe-1979, iMauritania yaliyeka ibango layo kuloo mmandla, kodwa imfazwe yaqhubeka igquba. Ngowe-1991, kwenziwa isivumelwano sokuphelisa imfazwe, kodwa umbandela wolongamo awuzange uzinziswe. Namhlanje, iMorocco ibambe isibini kwisithathu sommandla, kwaye iinzame zokusombulula le ngxabano ukuza kuthi ga ngoku aziphumelelanga ukwaphula umqobo wezopolitiko.

↑"Ceuta, Melilla profile"BBC News(in en-GB) 2018retrieved 13 November 2018
↑"Land area (sq. km) – Morocco | Data"data.worldbank.orgretrieved 15 February 2022
↑Jamil M. Abun-Nasr (20 August 1987)A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic PeriodCambridge University PressISBN 978-0-521-33767-0
↑Hall, John G.; Chelsea Publishing House (2002)North AfricaInfobase PublishingISBN 978-0-7910-5746-9
↑Balfour, Rosa (March 2009) "The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean"Mediterranean Politics14(1): 99–105ISSN 1362-9395 doi:10.1080/13629390902747491Unknown parameter|doi-access=ignored (help)

[1] "Ceuta, Melilla profile"BBC News(in en-GB) 2018retrieved 13 November 2018

[2] "Land area (sq. km) – Morocco | Data"data.worldbank.orgretrieved 15 February 2022

[Abun-Nasr1987-3] Jamil M. Abun-Nasr (20 August 1987)A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic PeriodCambridge University PressISBN 978-0-521-33767-0

[4] Hall, John G.; Chelsea Publishing House (2002)North AfricaInfobase PublishingISBN 978-0-7910-5746-9

[5] Balfour, Rosa (March 2009) "The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean"Mediterranean Politics14(1): 99–105ISSN 1362-9395 doi:10.1080/13629390902747491Unknown parameter|doi-access=ignored (help)

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