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Índíà

Àtúnṣe àjápọ̀
Lát'ọwọ́ Wikipedia, ìwé ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Índíà
Republic of India

भारत गणराज्य*
Bhārat Gaṇarājya
Three lions facing left, right,and toward viewer, atop a frieze containing a galloping horse, a 24-spoke wheel, and an elephant. Underneath is a motto "सत्यमेव जयते".
National Emblem
Motto:"Satyameva Jayate"(Sanskrit)
सत्यमेव जयते(Devanāgarī)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]
Orin ìyìn:Jana Gana Mana
Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people[2]
Image of globe centered on India, with India highlighted.
OlùìlúNew Delhi
Ìlú tótóbijùlọMumbai
Àwọn èdè ìṣẹ́ọbaHíńdì,Gẹ̀ẹ́sì
Constitutional languages
Orúkọ aráàlúÍndíà
ÌjọbaOlómìnira ìjọba àpapọ̀[4]
Droupadi Murmu
Venkaiah Naidu
Narendra Modi
Sharad Arvind Bobde
AṣòfinSansad
Rajya Sabha
Lok Sabha
Independence
• Declared
15 Oṣù Ògún 1947
26 Oṣù Ṣẹ̀rẹ́ 1950
Ìtóbi
• Total
3,287,240 km2(1,269,210 sq mi)‡(7th)
• Omi (%)
9.56
Alábùgbé
• 2009 estimate
1,198,003,000[5](2nd)
• 2001 census
1,028,610,328[6]
• Ìdìmọ́ra
364.4/km2(943.8/sq mi) (32nd)
GDP(PPP)2008 estimate
• Total
$3.298 trillion[7](4th)
• Per capita
$2,780[7](130th)
GDP(nominal)2008 estimate
• Total
$1.206 trillion[7](12th)
• Per capita
$1,017[7](143rd)
Gini(2004)36.8[8]
Error: Invalid Gini value
HDI(2007)0.612[9]
Error: Invalid HDI value·134th
OwónínáIndian rupee(₨) (INR)
Ibi àkókòUTC+5:30(IST)
• Ìgbà oru (DST)
UTC+5:30(not observed)
Ojúọ̀nà ọkọ́left
Àmì tẹlifóònù91
ISO 3166 codeIN
Internet TLD.in

Índíà,tàbíOrílẹ̀-èdèOlómìnira ilẹ̀ Índíà(ní èdèHíńdì:भारत गणराज्यBhāratGaṇarājya;), jẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè kan ní Gúúsù Éṣíà. Ohun ni orílẹ̀-èdèkejè títóbi júlọ̀gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtóbí jẹ́ọ́gráfì, orílẹ̀-èdèkìn-ín-ni tó ní ìye àwọn ènìyànjúlọ[12]pẹ̀lú bíi 1.43 bílíọ̀nù ènìyàn,[13]àti ìjọba-oníbò tó ni ìye àwọn ènìyàn júlọ̀ lágbàyé. Ó ja mọÒkun Índíàní gúúsù,Òkun Lárúbáwáni ìwọ̀ oòrùn, àtiEbado Benganí ìlà oòrùn, India ní etíkun tó jẹ́ 7,516.6 kilometres (4,700 mi)[14].Ó ni ààlà láàrinPakistanní ìwọ̀ oòrùn;Ṣáínà,Nepal,atiBhutansi àríwà; atiBangladẹ́shìatiBurmaní ìlà oòrùn. Índíà wà nítosíSri Lanka,àtiMaldivestí wọ́n wà níÒkun Índíà.

Gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ilẹ̀ Ọ̀làjú Àfonífojì Indus jẹ́ ibí tó ní ìdàgbàsókè púpọ̀, abẹ́orílẹ̀ Índíà jẹ́ ibi àwọn ènìyàn mọ̀ fún ọlá àtiàṣàrẹ̀ káàkiri ayé.[13]Esin nla merin,Hinduism,Buddhism,JainismatiSikhismni won bere latibe, nigbatiZoroastrianism,Esin Ju,Esin KristiatiImalede sibe ni egberundun akoko IO (CE) won si kopa ninu bi orisirisiasaagbegbe na seri. Diedie o je fifamora latowoBritish East India Companylati ibere orundun ikejidinlogun, o si di ile amusin Ile-oba Isodokan lati arin orundun ikandinlogun, India di orile-ede alominira ni 1947 leyinakitiyan fun isominirato se pataki funisatako alaise jagidijagankakiri.[15]

India je orile-ede olominira kan to niipinle 28 ati awon agbegbe isokan mejepelusistemu onileasofin oseluaralu.Okowo Indianiokowo ikokanla titobijulogege bi olorujoGDPlagbaye atiikerin titobijulogege biibamu agbara iraja.Otun je omo egbeAjoni awon Orile-ede,G-20,BRIC,SAFTAatiAgbajo Owo Agbaye.India jeorile-ede toni ohun-ijagun bombu inuatomu,o si niile-ise ologun ikewa ton nawojulopeluile-ise ologun adigun keji titobijulolagbaye.Atunse okowo to bere lati 1991ti so India di ikan ninuawon okowo to n dagba kiakia julo lagbaye;[16]sibesibe,ainisi tun ba ja,[17]aimookomooka,iwa-ibaje,arun,atiaijeunkanu.Gege bi awujoesin olopolopo,eledepupoatieleya eniyan pupo,India tun je ibugbe fun opolopo awoneran-igbeni opolopoibi alaabo.

National symbols of the Republic of India (Official)
National animal
National bird
National tree
National flower
National heritage animal
National aquatic marine mammal
National reptile
National heritage mammal
National fruit
National temple
National river
National mountain

Orísun ìtumọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀[àtúnṣe|àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

India(pípè/ˈɪndiə/) gege bi oruko wa latiIndus,to wa lati oroPersia AtijoHindu,latiSanskritसिन्धुSindhu,oruko ibile funOdo Indus.[12]AwonGriikiayeijoun n pe awon ara India niIndoi(Ινδοί), awon eniyan Indus.[18]Ilana Ibagbepo ile Indiaati lilo oro towopo ninu opo awon ede India bakanna tun seidamoBharat(pipe[ˈbʱɑːrʌt̪](ẹ tẹ́tí gbọ́)) gege bi oruko onibise iru kanna.[14]Bharat gege bi oruko wa lati oruko oba olokikiBharataninu awon Itan-Awaso Hindu.Hindustan([hɪnd̪ʊˈstɑːn](ẹ tẹ́tí gbọ́)), ni berebere to je oroPersiafun “Ile Hindus” lati toka siapaariwa India,bakanna tun lilo gege bi oruko gbogbo India.[19]

Ìtàn[àtúnṣe|àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Awon ibugbe apata Igba Okuta pelu awon iyaworan niBhimbetka rock sheltersniMadhya Pradeshni eri igbe eniyan pipejulo ni India. Awon ibudo akoko ti a mo bere ni odun to ju 9,000 seyin lo, diedie o si dagba soke siIndus Valley Civilisation,[20]ti ojo ori re to odun 3400BCEni apaiwoorun India. Eyi je titele peluVedic period,to se ipileseEsin Hinduati awon asa miran igba ibere awujo India, o si pari ni awon odun 500 BCE. Lati bi 550 BCE, opolopo awon ile-oba alominira ati orile-ede olominira ti a mo biMahajanapadasje didasile kakiri ibe.[21]

Damaged brown painting of a reclining man and woman.
Paintings at theAjanta CavesinAurangabad,Maharashtra,sixth century

Ni orundun keta KIO (BCE), opo gbogbo Guusu Asia je piparapo diIleobaluaye MauryalatowoChandragupta Mauryao si lokunkun ni asikoAshoka Olokiki.[22]Lati igba orundun keta IO (CE),ijoba iran Guptasamojuto igba ti a mo bi ancient "Igba Oniwura Indiaayeijoun. "[23][24]Awon ileobaluaye niApaguusu Indiaje kikopomo gbogbo awon tiChalukya,tiCholasati tiVijayanagara Empire.Sayensi, teknoloji,ise-ero,ise-ona,ogbon,ede,litireso,mathematiiki,itorawo,esinatiimo-oyedi olokunkun labe itoju awon oba wonyi.

Leyin awoniborile lati Arin Asialarin orundun 10th ati 12th, opo Ariwa India ni won bo si abe ijobaDelhi Sultanateati leyin eyi sabeIleobaluaye Mughal.Labe isejobaAkbar the Great,India gbadun idagbasoke asa ati okowo pupo ati irepo esin.[25][26]Awon obaluaye Mughal diedie fe ile won si pupo lati dori apa nla abeorile. Sibesibe, niAriwa-ApailaorunIndia, alagbara to joba ibe ni ileobaAhomtiAssam,gege bi ikan ninu awon ileoba ti won lodi si ijobalenilori Mughal. Ihalemo ninla akoko si agbara ijoba Mughal wa latodo obaHinduRajputkanMaha Rana PrataptiMewarni orundun 16th ati leyin eyi latodo orile-ede Hindu kan to n jeadapapo Maratha,to joba lori opo India ni arin orundun 18th.[27]

Lati orundun 16th, awon alagbara ara Europe biPortugal,Hollandi,Fransi,atiIparapo Ileobase idasile ibudo owo (trading posts) be sini leyin eyi won lo anfani ti awon ija abele ibe fa wa lati sedasile awon ibiamusin nibe. Nigba to fi di 1856, opo India ti bo sabe idariBritish East India Company.[28]Odun kan leyin eyi, igbogundi kakiri awon eyo ologun olodi ijoba ati awon ileoba, ti a mo biOgun Ilominira Akoko IndiatabiSepoy Mutiny,koju idari ile-ise yi gidigidi sugbon ko yori si rere. Nitori aidurorege, India bo si abe isejoba taaraOba Alade Britani.

Two smiling men in robes sitting on the ground, with bodies facing the viewer and with heads turned toward each other. The younger wears a white Nehru cap; the elder is bald and wears glasses. A half dozen other people are in the background.
Mahatma Gandhi(right) withJawaharlal Nehru,1937. Nehru would go on to become India's first prime minister in 1947.

Ni orundun 20th,akitiyan fun ilominirakakiri orile-ede bere latowoIndian National Congressati awon agbajo oloselu miran.[29]Olori IndiaMahatma Gandhilewaju awon egbegberun eniyan ni opolopo igbese torile-ede funaigboran araaluaini-jagidijagan.[15]

Ni ojo 15 osu kejo 1947, India gba ilominira kuro lowo isejoba Britani, sugbon nigba kanna awonagbegbe ogunlogo Musulum je pipinniyalati da orile-ede otootoPakistan.[30]Ni ojo 26 osi kinni 1950, India di orile-ede olominira be siniilana ibagbepotuntun je gbigbe jade.[31]

Lati igba ilominira, India ti ni awon isoro lati owojagidijagan esin,casteism,naxalism,isedaniloroati latowo awon igbogunti oludase agbegbe, agaga niJammu ati Kashmirati Ariwailaorun India. Lati igba awon odun 1990 awonidigbolu adaniloroti nipa lori opolopo awon ilu India. India ni ariyanjiyan ile pelu orile-edeOlominira awon Eniyan ile Saina,to di ni odun 1962Ogun Saina-India,ati peluPakistan,to fa awon ogun ni1947,1965,1971ati ni1999.India je omo egbe adasileIparapo awon Orile-ede(gege bi India Britani) atiNon-Aligned Movement.Ni odun 1974, India senuclear testnipamo[32]atiidanwo marunni 1998, eyi so India diorile-ede to ni bombu inuatomu.[32]Lati 1991,atundase okowo pataki[33]ti so India diikan ninu awon okowo to n dagba kiakia julolagbaye, eyi fun lagbara pupo laye.[16]

Ijoba[àtúnṣe|àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Àyọkà olórí:Government of India

Ilana-Ibagbepo ile India,to je ilana-ibagbepo togunjulo ati to kunrerejulo ti orile-ede alominira lagbaye, je gbigba bi ofin ni 26 January 1950.[34]Akokosoilana-ibagbepoyi setumo India gege bi orile-edeolominiratoseluaralusovereign,sosialisti,ti araaye.[35]India ni ileasofin oniyewumeji to n sise bi sistemu onileasofiniru Westminster.Iru ijoba re je jijuwe pe o je bi 'quasi-federal' pelu gbongan to lagbara ati awon ipinle ti won ko lagbara,[36]sugbon o ti di apapo diedie lati opin awon odun 1990 nitori awon iyipada oloselu, olokowo ati alawujo.[37]

Aare ile Indiani olori orile-ede[38]to je didiboyan latowoigbimo onidiboyan[39]fun igba odun marun kan.[40][41]Alakoso Agbani olori ijoba, ohun lo si segbese opo agbara alase.[38]Gege bi yiyan latowo Aare,[42]Alakoso Agba je titileyin latowoegbe oloselutabi ifowosowopo oloselu to ni ogunlogo awon ijoko ni ile kekere Ileasofin.[38]Apa ijoba apase ni Aare, Igbakeji Aare, atiIgbimo awon Alakoso(Kabinetni igbimo apase re) ti olori re je Alakoso Agba. Alakoso yiowu to ni ipo gbodo je ikan ninu awon omo ile ileasofin. Ninu sistemu onileasofin ti India, apase wa labe asofin, nibi ti Alakoso Agba ati Igbimo re wa labe ile kekere.[43]

Asofin ile India niIleasofinoniyewumeji, to ni ile oke ti o n jeRajya Sabha(Igbimo awon Ipinle) ati ile kekere to n jeLok Sabha(Ile awon Eniyan).[44]Rajya Sabha, agbarajo aiyese, ni 245 omo egbe ti won wa nibe fun odun marun.[45]Opo won je didiboyan taara latowo awon asofinipinle ati agbegbegege bi iye awon eniyan won.[45]

Awon ipinle India[àtúnṣe|àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Map of India showing its subdivision into states and territories.
Administrative divisions of India,including 28 states and 7 union territories.

States:

  1. Andhra Pradesh
  2. Arunachal Pradesh
  3. Assam
  4. Bihar
  5. Chhattisgarh
  6. Goa
  7. Gujarat
  1. Haryana
  2. Himachal Pradesh
  3. Jammu and Kashmir
  4. Jharkhand
  5. Karnataka
  6. Kerala
  7. Madhya Pradesh
  1. Maharashtra
  2. Manipur
  3. Meghalaya
  4. Mizoram
  5. Nagaland
  6. Orissa
  7. Punjab
  1. Rajasthan
  2. Sikkim
  3. Tamil Nadu
  4. Tripura
  5. Uttar Pradesh
  6. Uttarakhand
  7. West Bengal

Union Territories:

  1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  2. Chandigarh
  3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
  4. Daman and Diu
  5. Lakshadweep
  6. National Capital Territory of Delhi
  7. Puducherry


Coordinates:21°N78°E/ 21°N 78°E/21; 78

Àyọkà yìí tàbí apá rẹ̀ únfẹ́ àtúnṣe sí.

Ẹ lefẹ̀ jù báyìí lọtàbí kí ẹṣàtúnṣerẹ̀ lọ́nà tí yíò mu kúnrẹ́rẹ́. Ẹ ran Wikipedia lọ́wọ́ látifẹ̀ẹ́ jù báyìí lọ.

Itokasi[àtúnṣe|àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

  1. ↑"State Emblem -Inscription".National Informatics Centre(NIC).Retrieved2007-06-17.
  2. ↑"National Anthem– Know India portal ".National Informatics Centre(NIC).2007.Retrieved2007-08-31.
  3. ↑ "Official Languages Resolution, 1968".Ministry of Home Affairs,Government of India.National Informatics Centre(NIC).Retrieved2009-06-11..
  4. ↑4.04.1"India at a Glance".Know India Portal.National Informatics Centre(NIC).Retrieved2007-12-07.
  5. ↑Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009) (.PDF).World Population Prospects, Table A.1.2008 revision. United Nations.http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf.Retrieved 2009-03-12.
  6. ↑"India at a glance: Population".Census of India, 2001.Government of India.Retrieved2009-04-25.
  7. ↑7.07.17.27.3"India".International Monetary Fund.Retrieved2009-10-01.
  8. ↑"Field Listing — Distribution of family income — Gini index".The World Factbook.CIA.15 May 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 2009-05-13.Retrieved2008-06-06.
  9. ↑"Human Development Report 2009. Human development index trends: Table G"(PDF).The United Nations.Retrieved2009-10-05.
  10. ↑"Total Area of India"(PDF).Country Studies,India.Library of Congress–Federal Research Division.December 2004.Retrieved2007-09-03.The country’s exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 square kilometres and the total land area as 3,060,500 square kilometres; the United Nations lists the total area as 3,287,263 square kilometres and total land area as 2,973,190 square kilometres.
  11. ↑"Constituent Assembly of India — Volume XII".Constituent Assembly of India: Debates.parliamentofindia.nic.in, National Informatics Centre. 1950-01-24.Retrieved2007-06-29.The composition consisting of the words and music known as Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it.
  12. ↑12.012.1"India",Oxford English Dictionary,second edition, 2100a.d. Oxford University Press.
  13. ↑13.013.1Oldenburg, Phillip. 2007. "India: History,"Microsoft EncartaOnline Encyclopedia 2007.Archived1 November 2009.
  14. ↑14.014.1"Official name of the Union".Courts Informatics Division,National Informatics Centre,Ministry of Comm. and Information Tech.Retrieved8 August2007.Name and territory of the Union- India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.
  15. ↑15.015.1written by John Farndon. (1997).Concise Encyclopedia.Dorling Kindersley Limited.p. 455.ISBN0-7513-5911-4.
  16. ↑16.016.1"India is the second fastest growing economy".Economic Research Service (ERS).United States Department of Agriculture(USDA). Archived fromthe originalon 20 May 2011.Retrieved5 August2007.
  17. ↑Poverty estimates for 2004–05,Planning commission,Government of India,March 2007. Accessed: 25 August 2007.
  18. ↑Basham, A. L. (2000).The Wonder That Was India.South Asia Books.ISBN0283992573.
  19. ↑"Hindustan".Encyclopædia Britannica,Inc. 2007.Retrieved18 June2007.
  20. ↑"Introduction to the Ancient Indus Valley".Harappa. 1996.Retrieved18 June2007.
  21. ↑Krishna Reddy (2003).Indian History.New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. p. A107.ISBN0070483698.
  22. ↑Jona Lendering."Maurya dynasty".Archived fromthe originalon 26 February 2012.Retrieved17 June2007.
  23. ↑"Gupta period has been described as the Golden Age of Indian history".National Informatics Centre(NIC).Retrieved3 October2007.
  24. ↑Heitzman, James. (2007). "Gupta Dynasty,Archived2009-10-29 at theWayback Machine."Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007. 31 October 2009.
  25. ↑"The Mughal Legacy".
  26. ↑"The Mughal World: Life in India's Last Golden Age".Archived fromthe originalon 2012-01-19.Retrieved2010-05-03.
  27. ↑The Mughals: The MarathasArchived2009-10-05 at theWayback Machine..
  28. ↑"History: Indian Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)".National Informatics Centre (NIC).Archived fromthe originalon 27 December 2009.Retrieved3 October2007.And by 1856, the British conquest and its authority were firmly established.
  29. ↑Markovits, Claude, ed (2004).A History of Modern India, 1480–1950.Anthem South Asian Studies. Anthem Press. p. 345.ISBN1-84331-152-6.
  30. ↑written by John Farndon. (1997).Concise Encyclopedia.Dorling Kindersley Limited.p. 322.ISBN0-7513-5911-4.
  31. ↑"CIA Factbook: India".CIA Factbook.Archived fromthe originalon 11 June 2008.Retrieved10 March2007.
  32. ↑32.032.1"India Profile".Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI).2003.Retrieved20 June2007.
  33. ↑Montek Singh Ahluwalia(2002) (MS Word).Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked?.Journal of Economic Perspectives.http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/speech/spemsa/msa008.doc.Retrieved 13 June 2007.
  34. ↑Pylee, Moolamattom Varkey (2004)."The Longest Constitutional Document".Constitutional Government in India(2nd ed.).S. Chand.p. 4.ISBN8121922038.http://books.google.com/books?id=veDUJCjr5U4C&pg=PA4&dq=India+longest+constitution&as_brr=0&sig=ZpqDCkfUoglOQx0XQ8HBpRWkRAk#PPA4,M1.Retrieved 31 October 2007.
  35. ↑Dutt, Sagarika (1998). "Identities and the Indian state: An overview".Third World Quarterly19(3): 411–434.doi:10.1080/01436599814325.at p. 421.
  36. ↑Wheare, K.C. (1964).Federal Government(4th ed.).Oxford University Press.p. 28.
  37. ↑Echeverri-Gent, John (2002). "Politics in India's Decentred Polity". In Ayres, Alyssa; Oldenburg, Philip.Quickening the Pace of Change.India Briefing. London: M.E. Sharpe.ISBN076560812X.at pp. 19–20;Sinha, Aseema (2004). "The Changing Political Economy of Federalism in India".India Review3(1): 25.doi:10.1080/14736480490443085.at pp. 25–33.
  38. ↑38.038.138.2Sharma, Ram (1950). "Cabinet Government in India".Parliamentary Affairs4(1): 116–126.
  39. ↑"Election of President".The Constitution Of India.Constitution Society.Retrieved2 September2007.The President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college.
  40. ↑Gledhill, Alan (1964).The Republic of India: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution(2nd ed.). Stevens and Sons. p. 112.
  41. ↑"Tenure of President's office".The Constitution Of India.Constitution Society.Retrieved2 September2007.The President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office.
  42. ↑"Appointment of Prime Minister and Council of Ministers".The Constitution Of India.Constitution Society.Retrieved2 September2007.The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
  43. ↑Matthew, K.M. (2003).Manorama Yearbook 2003.Malayala Manorama.p. 524.ISBN8190046187.
  44. ↑Gledhill, Alan (1964).The Republic of India: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution(2nd ed.). Stevens and Sons. p. 127.
  45. ↑45.045.1"Our ParliamentA brief description of the Indian Parliament ".www.parliamentofindia.gov.in.Retrieved16 June2007.
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