Jump to content

Jamáíkà

Lát'ọwọ́ Wikipedia, ìwé ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
(Àtúnjúwe látiJamaica)
Jamáíkà

Àmì ọ̀pá àṣẹ ilẹ̀ Jamaica
Àmì ọ̀pá àṣẹ
Motto:"Out of Many, One People"
Orin ìyìn:"Jamaica, Land We Love"

Location of Jamaica
Olùìlú
àti ìlú tótóbijùlọ
Kingston
Àwọn èdè ìṣẹ́ọbaEnglish
National languageJamaican Patois
Àwọn ẹ̀yà ènìyàn
91.2%black,6.2%mixed,2.6% other[1]
Orúkọ aráàlúJamaican
ÌjọbaParliamentary democracyandConstitutional monarchy
Elizabeth II
Patrick Allen
Andrew Holness
Ilominira
• latodoUnited Kingdom
6 August 1962
Ìtóbi
• Total
11,100 km2(4,300 sq mi) (166th)
• Omi (%)
1.5
Alábùgbé
• July 2009 estimate
2,825,928[1](133rd)
• Ìdìmọ́ra
252/km2(652.7/sq mi) (49th)
GDP(PPP)2009 estimate
• Total
$23.797 billion[2]
• Per capita
$8,777[2]
GDP(nominal)2009 estimate
• Total
$11.903 billion[2]
• Per capita
$4,390[2]
Gini(2000)37.9
medium
HDI(2007)0.766[3]
Error: Invalid HDI value·100th
OwónínáJamaican dollar(JMD)
Ibi àkókòUTC-5
Ojúọ̀nà ọkọ́osi
Àmì tẹlifóònù+1-876
ISO 3166 codeJM
Internet TLD.jm

Jamáíkà(pípè/dʒəˈmeɪkə/) jeorile-ede erekusuniAntilles Gbangba,to je 234 kilometres (145 miles) ni gigun ati bi 80 kilometres (50 miles) ni fife, ti isodipupo won je 11,100 km2.O budo sinuOkun Karibeani,bi 145 kilometres (90 miles) guusuKuba,ati 190 kilometres (120 miles) iwoorunHispaniola,erekusu to je ile fun awon orileabinibi-ileijobaHaitiatiOrile-ede Olominira Dominiki.Awon eledeArawakabinibieyaTaínoti won gbe nibe pe oruko erekusu ohun niXaymaca,to tumosi "Ile Igi ati Omi", tabi "Ile Isun Omi".[4]

Nigba kan bi iniSpeinti won si pe ibe niSantiago,ni 1655 o di ibiamusin Ilegeesi, ati leyin eyi o di ti Britani, toruko re n je "Jamaica". Pelu awon eniyan ti won to egbegberun 2.8, o je orile-ede ketaeledegeesito ni awon eniyan pipojulo ni orileAmerika,leyin awon orile-edeIparapo awon IpinleatiKanada.O wa ninu ile AjonipeluQueen Elizabeth IIbiOlori Orile-ede. Kingstonni ilu titobijulo ati oluilu re.

Ìtàn[àtúnṣe|àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Awon eya abinibiArawakatiTainoti won gbera latiGuusu Amerikabudo sori erekusu na larin odun 4000 ati 1000 kJ.[5]Nigbati Christopher Columbusde be ni 1494 o ba awon abule to ju 200 lo nibe ti won ni awon olori abule nibe. Ebado guusu Jamaika je ibi ti awon eniyan posijulo nigbana, agaga layika agbegbe ti a mo loni bi Old Harbour.[5]Awon Tainos si je onibugbe Jamaika nigbati awon Geesi gba idari ibe.[5]Jamaican National Heritage Trust nsise lati wari, ki won o si sakosile eri yiowu toba le wa nipa awonTaino/Arawaks.[6]Christopher Columbus gba Jamaica fun Spein leyin to bale sibe ni 1494. O se e se ko je pe ibi ti Columbus bale si ni Dry Harbour, loni to n je Discovery Bay.Maili kan ni iwoorunSt. Ann's Bayni ibi ibudo akoko awon ara Spein lori erekusu na,Sevilla,ti won pati ni 1554 nitori opo awon olosa ti won ja be.

Won ko oluilu ibe lo siSpanish Town,loni to budo siparish of St. Catherine,lati odun 1534. Leyin eyi won pe ni "Villa de la Vega". Spanish Town ni o ni Ile isinto pejulo larin awon ibiamusin Britani. Awon ara Ilegeesi fi tipatipa le awon ara Spein kuro ni Ocho Rios ni St. Ann. Sugbon, o di odun 1655, ni Tower Isle, ki awon ara Ilegeesi o to gba ogba ologun awon ara Spein to gbeyin ni Jamaica. Omo Spein to n je Don Cortez Arnoldo de Yassi da abo bo Tower Hill (ibi ti Tower Isle wa) lowo awon ara Ilegeesi fun odun marun, ki o to salo si Kuba. Ibi to gba salo ni won n pe ni "Runaway Bay", eyi na wa ni St. Ann. Oruko Montego Bay, to je oluilu parish St. James, wa lati oruko lede Speinmanteca bahía(tabi Bay of Lard) fun opo iye pupoboarti won n lo fun lard-making industry.[7]

Caribbean pirate]] and privateer who had arrived in the West Indies as an indentured servant, like many of the early settlers.[8]

Ara Ilegeesi AdmiralWilliam Penn(babaWilliam Pennti Pennsylvania) ati OgagunRobert Venablesgba erekusu yi ni 1655. Ni 1660, iye awon eniyan ni Jamaika je 4,500 awon alawo funfun ati bi 1,500 melo awon alawo dudu.[9]Lati bi awon odun 1670, awon eniyan alawo dudu ni won je ogunlogo iye awon eniyan nibe.[10]

Nigba ti awon ara Ilegeesi gba Jamaika ni 1655 olumusin ara Spein sa kuro nibe won si fi opolopo awon omo eru won lati Afrika seyin. Ki awon ara Ilegeesi o mo baa tun mu won leru, won salo si agbegbe oke alapata ni ori erekusu yi, nibi ti won ti darapo mo awon miran ti awon na ti sa kuro lowo awon ara Spein tele lati lo gbe pelu awonTaínos.Awon eru ti won ti salo wonyi je mimo biJamaican Maroons,koja lu awon ara Britani ni orundun 18th. Awon iran won si n je oruko yi titi doni. Nigba oko eru awon Maroon sedasile agbajo alominira larin inu oke ile Jamaica niran deran. Nigba awon odun 200 akoko ijoba Britani, Jamaika di ikan ninu awon orile-ede to siwaju lagbaye to n tasugaati to n lo eru, nipa sise iye to ju toonu 77,000 suga lo lododun larin 1820 ati 1824. Leyinipare owo eru(eyi yato si oko eru gan ti won ko pare) ni 1807,[11]awon ara Britani mu awon ara India ati ara Saina wa bi awononiwofalati sise. Awon omo-omo awo awon oniwofa lti Asia yi si wa ni Jamaika titi doni.

Nigba to fi di ibere orundun 19th, nitoripe Jamaica gbokan leoko erueyi ki awon eniyan alawodudu (awon ara Afrika) o poju awon eniyan alawofunfun (awon ara Europe) lo ni ipin 20 si 1. Botilejepe awon Ilegeesi ti fi ofinde owo eru, ifayawo won si awon ibiamusin si tun sele nigbana. Ijoba Britani se ofin to lana ipare oko eru, sugbon won tun lana lati se imudara igbe awon eru ibe. Ninu awon ilanna yi ni ifofinde lilo egba ninu oko, ifofinde nina awon obinrin, ikede pe awon eru gbodo je gbigba laye lati gba ilana esin, ipondandan pe awon eru gbodo ni ojo kan ninu ose lati ta awon ogbin oko won, bakanna won si tun fofinde awon oja ojo Aiku.

Map of Jamaica

Sugbon ni Jamaika, awon ilana yi je lilodi di latowo Ile-igbimo Asofin. Ileigbimo yi so pe awon eru nitelorun ara won, won si lodi si itowobo Ileasofin si oro to n lo ni erekusu ohun, botilejepe opo awon to ni eru n beru pe ijidide awon eru le se.

Leyin opolopo aigboran ati iyipada iwuwa ni Britani Olokiki, won fofinde oko eru ni 1834, peluifisilepatapata lowo idekun eru ni 1838. Iye awon eniyan ibe ni 1834 je 371,070 ninu awon ti 15,000 je alawofunfun, 5,000 je eniyan alawodudu alominira, 40,000 eya adalu, ati 311,070 eru.[9]

Ni awon odun 1800, Britani sedasile iye awonogba eweko.Ikan ninu won niCastleton Garden,to je didakale ni 1862 lati dipo Bath Garden (to je dida ni 1779) ti agbara omi baje. Bath Garden ni ibi ogbinbreadfruitti won je mimuwa si Jamaica lati Pacific latowo CaptainWilliam Bligh.Awon ogba miran tun niCinchonaPlantationti won dasile ni 1868 ati Hope Garden ti won dasile ni 1874. Ni 1872, Kingston di oluilu erekusu na.

Ni 1945,Sir Horace Hector HearnediOnidajo Agbaati Olutoju Akosile ni Jamaika. O soloriIle-Ejo Gigajulo,Kingstonlarin 1945 ati 1950/1951. Ibe lo gba lo si Kenya nibi ti won ti yan bi Onidajo Agba.

Jamaican Prime MinisterMichael Manleyand his wife with US presidentJimmy Carterin 1977.

Diedie Jamaika gba ilominira lopo lowo Iparapo Ileoba be sini ni 1958, o di igberiko ninuFederation of the West Indies,ile apapo kan ni larin awonBritish West Indies.Jamaika gba iominira patapata nigba to fi ile apapo yi sile ni 1962.

Okowo to n posi daada bi 6% lodoodun, lo sele ni odun mewa akoko leyin ilominira labe ijoba ti awon Alakoso AgbaAlexander Bustamante,Donald SangsteratiHugh Shearersolo ri sirere. Ohun to fa iposi yi ni inawolori daada sibauxite/alumina,isebewo,ile-ise elero ati, ni bi die apa ise agbe.

Àwọn ìtọ́kasí[àtúnṣe|àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

  1. 1.01.1Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedWorldFactbook
  2. 2.02.12.22.3"Jamaica".International Monetary Fund.Retrieved2010-04-21.
  3. "Human Development Report 2009: Jamaica".The United Nations.Retrieved2009-10-18.
  4. {{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071016055722/http://www.uctp.org/VocesIndigena.html|title= Taíno Dictionary |illistrator= The United Confederation of Taíno People |accessdate=2007- 10-18|language=Spanish}}
  5. 5.05.15.2"The Taino of Jamaica (Jamaica)".Jamaicans.com. 2001-04-01. Archived fromthe originalon 2009-04-16.Retrieved2009-07-04.line feed character in|title=at position 22 (help)
  6. "Jamaican National Heritage Trust".Archived fromthe originalon 2007-09-28.Retrieved2007-09-28.
  7. {{cite web|url=http://www.mobay.com/town4.htm|title=Town of Montego Bay info |publisher=Mobay.com |date=2007-05-07 |accessdate=2009-07-04}}
  8. [http://www.historynet.com/henry-morgan-the- pirate-who-invaded-panama-in-1671.htm Henry Morgan: The Pirate Who Invaded Panama in 1671]. Historynet.com.
  9. 9.09.1 [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08270a.htmDonovan, J. (1910). Jamaica. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company].
  10. [http://archive.is/20120711193645/findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_n1_v28/ai_16106981/pg_2A failed settler society: marriage and demographic failure in early Jamaica],Journal of Social History,Fall, 1994, by Trevor Burnard
  11. The Sugar Revolutions and Slavery,U.S. Library of Congress