Quốc tế hòa bình cục
International Peace Bureau | |
Giản xưng | IPB |
---|---|
Thành lập thời gian | 1891 niên |
Loại hình | Phi chính phủ tổ chức |
Tổng bộ | Bách lâm |
Tọa tiêu | 52°31′21″N13°23′01″E/ 52.522454°N 13.383641°E |
Tiêu ngữ | Tài quân xúc tiến phát triển ( Disarmament for Development ) |
Mục tiêu | Hiến cấp một hữu chiến tranh đích thế giới ( Dedicated to a world without war ) |
Tưởng hạng | Nặc bối nhĩ hòa bình tưởng |
Võng trạm | www.ipb.org |
Quốc tế hòa bình cục( anh ngữ:International Peace Bureau, IPB) thị thành lập vu 1891 niên đích quốc tếPhi chính phủ tổ chức[1],Thị thế giới thượng tối tảo thành lập đích quốc tế hòa bình tổ chức, 1910 niên hoạch đắcNặc bối nhĩ hòa bình tưởng[2][3].1913 niên,Hanh lợi · lạp phương đanDã dĩ quốc tế hòa bình cục cục trường đích thân phân hoạch đắcNặc bối nhĩ hòa bình tưởng[4][5].Tiệt chí 2012 niên, cộng hữu 12 danh quốc tế hòa bình cục thành viên hoạch đắc nặc bối nhĩ hòa bình tưởng[6].
TheInternational Peace Bureau(IPB) ( pháp ngữ:Bureau international de la paix), founded in 1891,[1]is one of the world's oldest internationalpeacefederations. The organisation was awarded theNobel Peace Prizein 1910 for acting "as a link between the peace societies of the various countries".[2][7]In 1913Henri La Fontainewas also awarded the Prize "[For his work as] head of the International Peace Bureau".[4][8]Tiệt chí 2012 niên[update],eleven other Nobel Peace Prize laureates have been members of the IPB.[9]
Its membership consists of 300 organizations in 70 countries.[10]IPB's headquarters are located inBerlin,Germany, with offices inBarcelona,Spain, andGeneva,Switzerland. Prior to 2017, the headquarters were in Geneva.
Its main programmes are theGlobal Campaign on Military Spending (GCOMS)anddisarmament for sustainable development,which focuses both on nuclear and conventional weapons, as well as biological weapons, landmines, and small arms.[10][11]
IPB holds Consultative Status with theUnited Nations Economic and Social Council(ECOSOC) and associate status with theUnited Nations Department of Global Communications.[12]
IPB was founded under the namePermanent International Peace Bureau(Bureau International Permanent de la Paix). From 1912 onward it used the nameInternational Peace Bureau.Between 1946 and 1961, it was known under the nameInternational Liaison Committee of Organizations for Peace – ILCOP(Comité de liaison international des organisations de paix – CLIOP).
Global Campaign on Military Spending
[Biên tập]The Global Campaign on Military Spending (GCOMS) is a permanent, global, year-round campaign that was created in December 2014 by the IPB to tackle the worldwide issue of excessive military spending.[13]
The aim of the campaign is to pressure the world's governments to invest money in the sectors of health, education, employment and climate change rather than military. It also calls for an annual, minimum reallocation of 10% from the military budgets of all states. Finally, it advocates the reduction of arms production and international weapons trade.[14]
The campaign organises the Global Day of Action on Military Spending (GDAMS) to bring public, media and political attention to the costs of military spending and the need to invest in new priorities.[15]
GCOMS is managed from the decentralisedBarcelona,Spain, office of IPB in coordination with Centre Delàs of Peace Studies. More than 100 organisations from 35 countries have joined the campaign.[16]
Nuclear disarmament activism
[Biên tập]IPB has been in the forefront of nuclear disarmament activities since 1945, including:
- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons(NPT)
- Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty(CTBT)
- World Court Project
- Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons(TPNW)
Currently, the IPB is campaigning to encourage the signing and ratification of the TPNW so that it may enter into force.[17]
Seán MacBride Peace Prize
[Biên tập]Established in 1992, theSeán MacBride Peace Prizeis awarded by the International Peace Bureau to a person or organisation that "has done outstanding work for peace, disarmament and/or human rights."[18][19]It is named afterSeán MacBride,aNobel Peace Prizewinner who was chairman of the IPB from 1968 to 1974 and president from 1974 to 1985.[20][21]
Recipients
[Biên tập]The following are the recipients of the Seán MacBride Peace Prize since its inception in 1992:[18]
Year | Recipient | Notes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
1992 | Michael D. Higgins | ||
1993 | Motarilavoa Hilda Lini | Played a key role in the WHO's decision to approve a request to the World Court on the legal status of nuclear weapons. | |
1994 | Mordechai Vanunu | Sentenced to 18 years solitary confinement for revealing details of Israel's nuclear arsenal. | |
1995 | The Committee of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia | Foremost among Russian citizens’ groups opposing the war in Chechnya. | |
1996 | Selim Bešlagić | For "his fight against nationalism, ethnic cleansing and intolerance during his country's war." | [22] |
1997 | Seeds of Hope Group | For disarming a Hawk aircraft bound for Indonesia. | |
1998 | John Hume | For "his contribution to the Northern Ireland peace process." | [23] |
1999 | Barbara Gladysch | For her "extraordinary and year-long commitment to disarmament and practical solidarity with victims of wars and disasters." | [24] |
2000 | 1)Praful Bidwai 2) Achin Vanaik |
For being at the "forefront of the international campaign against the nuclearisation of South Asia." | [25] |
2001 | Rosalie Bertell | For "her lifelong engagement to the cause of peace and for her deep concern for the well-being of peoples all over the planet. | [26] |
2002 | Barbara Lee | For "her sole vote against the bombing of Afghanistan." | [27] |
2003 | Nihon Hidankyō | Survivors of the A bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. They have devoted the rest of their lives to the elimination of nuclear weapons. | |
2004 | Geneva Initiative on the Middle East | ||
2005 | No award made | ||
2006 | Mayors for Peace: |
For "its achievements in arousing international public demand for the abolition of nuclear weapons and lasting world peace." | [28] |
2007 | Jayantha Dhanapala | For "his dedication to the cause of disarmament and his initiatives towards creating the Central Asian Nuclear-Weapons Free Zone." | [29] |
2008 | Jacqueline Cabasso | For "her years of outstanding work with NGOs and initiatives toward peace and the abolition of nuclear weapons." | [30] |
2009 | Betty Reardon | For "her contribution to peace education and to the wider peace movement." | [31] |
2010 | Binalakshmi Nepram | For "her extraordinary efforts to promote disarmament and an end to gun violence in India." | [32] |
2011 | 1)Hanaa Edwar 2) Dr. Peter Becker |
1) For "her contribution to the advancement of democracy and human rights, as well as her firm stand against violence and war;" 2) For his work with the German section of the International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms (IALANA). |
[33][34] |
2012 | 1)Lina Ben Mhenni 2)Nawal El Saadawi |
For showing "great courage and... substantial contributions to what is known as the Arab Spring." | [35] |
2013 | Chelsea Manning | For her "courageous actions in revealing information about US war crimes." | [36] |
2014 | The People and Government of theRepublic of the Marshall Islands | For "courageously taking the nine nuclear weapons-possessing countries to the International Court of Justice to enforce compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty and international customary law." | [37] |
2015 | The People and the Island Communities ofLampedusa,Italy andJeju Island,South Korea | For showing "a profound commitment to peace and social justice." | [38] |
2016 | IPB Secretary-General Colin Archer | For 26 years "in the service of peace and of the IPB community." | [39] |
2017 | 1) All Okinawa Council Against Henoko New Base 2)Noam Chomsky 3)Jeremy Corbyn |
1) For "its unflagging commitment to close the Futemna Marine Air Base, and for its nonviolent opposition to the construction of a massive new air, land and sea base in Henoko;" 2) For his "tireless commitment to peace, his strong critiques to U.S. foreign policy, and his anti-imperialism;" 3) For his "sustained and powerful political work for disarmament and peace." |
[19] |
2018 | 1) Association For Historical Dialogue and Research and Home for Cooperation 2) Helena Maleno 3)Douglas Roche |
1) For its "efforts and promotion of [a] Culture of Peace and as well as the peace building activities;" 2) For her "efforts to save hundreds of lives in the Mediterranean Sea, and her strong commitment to defending human rights;" 3) For his "tireless efforts to promote international peace and disarmament." |
[40] |
2019 | 1)Bruce Kent
2) Elayne Whyte Gómez |
1) An "internationally known peace activist and a 'real peace hero' who, even in his 90th year, remains an active campaigner and organizer for peace and human rights."
2) For "her invaluable contribution to the completion of the historic Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons." |
[41] |
2020 | Black Lives Matter | For its ‘leading roles in building resistance to and transforming local policies against systemic police violence and extrajudicial murders of Black people across the United States.’ | [42] |
Leadership
[Biên tập]At the Triennial Assembly held in London on October 19 2019, a new group of IPB officials was elected.[43]
President
[Biên tập]The current co-presidents are:[43]
Country | Name |
---|---|
Anh quốc | Philip Jennings |
Nghĩa đại lợi | Lisa Clark |
Treasurer
[Biên tập]The current Treasurer is:[43]
Country | Name |
---|---|
Đức quốc | Lucas Wirl |
Vice-presidents
[Biên tập]The vice-presidents deputise for the president when necessary. The current vice-presidents are:[43]
Country | Name |
---|---|
Tây ban nha | Jordi Calvo |
Phỉ luật tân | Corazon Valdez Fabros |
Mỹ quốc | Joseph Gerson |
Anh quốc | Dave Webb |
Board members
[Biên tập]The board members are the following:[43]
Country | Name |
---|---|
Pháp quốc | Alain Rouy |
Pháp quốc | Arielle Denis |
Ấn độ | Binalakshmi Nepram |
Mông cổ quốc | Enkhsaikhan Jargalsaikhan |
Hàn quốc | Jun Kyu Lee |
A căn đình | Patricia Perez |
Nhật bổn | Rieko Asato-Kodama |
Gia nã đại | Yeshua Moser-Puangsuwan |
Gia nã đại | Steve Staples |
Bỉ lợi thời | Etienne De Jonghe |
Council members
[Biên tập]The Council members are the following persons:[43]
Country | Name |
---|---|
Ấn độ | Surender Singh Rajpurohit |
Gia nạp | Kwaku Addai |
Pháp quốc | Lisa Silvestre |
Hàn quốc | A-Young Moon |
Anh quốc | Sara Medi Jones |
Bỉ lợi thời | Chloé Meulewaeter |
Ca luân bỉ á | Angelo Cardona |
Mỹ quốc | Emily Rubino |
Mỹ quốc | Ann Wright |
Ấn độ | Jurvey Balkrishna |
Nại cập lợi á | Ejimole Fidel Onwuekwe |
Nga la tư | Oleg Viktorovich Bodrov |
Gia nã đại | Tamara Lorincz |
Anh quốc | Jenny Clegg |
Đức quốc | Stephan Möhrle |
Staff
[Biên tập]The staff members are the following persons:[43]
Country | Name |
---|---|
Đức quốc | Reiner Braun |
Ba hắc | Amela Skiljan |
Tây ban nha | Quique Sánchez |
Nobel Peace Prizes
[Biên tập]IPB's work was rewarded by the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910, which has also been awarded to some of its members:[44]
- 1901:Frédéric Passy(France), IPB council member
- 1902:Élie DucommunandAlbert Gobat(Switzerland), first honorary secretaries of IPB
- 1905:Bertha von Suttner(Austria), writer and honorary vice-president of IPB
- 1907:Ernesto Moneta(Italy), IPB council member
- 1908:Fredrik Bajer(Denmark), honorary president of IPB
- 1910: The International Peace Bureau
- 1911:Alfred Fried(Austria), IPB council member
- 1913:Henri La Fontaine(Belgium), president of IPB
- 1927:Ludwig Quidde(Germany), IPB council member
- 1959:Philip Noel-Baker(United Kingdom), IPB vice-president
- 1962:Linus Pauling(United States), IPB vice-president
- 1974:Seán MacBride(Ireland), IPB chairman and president
- 1982:Alva Myrdal(Sweden), IPB vice-president
Presidents
[Biên tập]The IPB has a co-president system that ensures a gender-balance among leadership. Each president can currently serve up to two terms of three years.[45]
- Henri La Fontaine– 1907–1943[46]
- Ernst Wolf– 1963–1974
- Seán MacBride– 1974–1985
- Bruce Kent– 1985–1992
- Maj Britt Theorin– 1992–2000
- Cora Weiss– 2000–2006
- Tomas Magnusson– 2006–2013
- Ingeborg Breines– 2009–2016
- Reiner Braun – 2013–2019
- Lisa Clark – 2016–present
- Philip Jennings – 2019–present
Tham kiến
[Biên tập]Tham khảo
[Biên tập]- ^1.01.1Over a Century of Peace-Making.International Peace Bureau.[2012-02-14].(Nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đương vu 2013-04-15 ).
- ^2.02.1Award Ceremony Speech (1910).Nobel Foundation.[2011-10-06].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2011-10-06 ).
- ^The Nobel Peace Prize 1910.Nobel Foundation.[2011-10-06].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2017-10-07 ).
- ^4.04.1Lundestad, Geir.The Nobel Peace Prize, 1901–2000.Nobel Foundation. 2001-03-15[2011-10-06].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2013-05-30 ).
- ^The Nobel Peace Prize 1913.Nobel Foundation.[2011-10-06].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2018-01-19 ).
- ^IPB Nobel Prize Winners.Nobel Foundation.[2011-10-06].(Nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đương vu 2012-07-18 )..
- ^The Nobel Peace Prize 1910.Nobel Foundation.[2011-10-06].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2008-10-12 ).
- ^The Nobel Peace Prize 1913.Nobel Foundation.[2011-10-06].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2008-10-19 ).
- ^IPB Nobel Prize Winners.Nobel Foundation.[2011-10-06].(Nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đương vu 2012-07-18 )..
- ^10.010.1IPB - Who we are | IPB - International Peace Bureau.[2020-06-22].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-08-04 )( mỹ quốc anh ngữ ).
- ^Homepage.demilitarize.org.[2020-06-22].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-07-09 )( mỹ quốc anh ngữ ).
- ^IPB - Who we are | IPB - International Peace Bureau.[2020-06-22].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-08-04 )( mỹ quốc anh ngữ ).
- ^Who We Are.Global Campaign on Military Spendin. International Peace Bureau.[November 6,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2019-10-07 ).
- ^What We Do.Global Campaign on Military Spendin. International Peace Bureau.[November 6,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2019-07-16 ).
- ^GCOMS (Global Campaign on Military Spending).Centre Delàs. Centre Delàs.[November 6,2018].(Nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đương vu 2018-11-07 ).
- ^Who we are -.demilitarize.org.[2020-06-22].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2022-08-05 )( mỹ quốc anh ngữ ).
- ^Nuclear Weapons | IPB – International Peace Bureau.[2020-06-22].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-05-08 )( mỹ quốc anh ngữ ).
- ^18.018.1Sean MacBride Peace Prize.International Peace Bureau. International Peace Bureau.[November 6,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-05-07 ).
- ^19.019.1IPB Unveils the Winners of Séan MacBride Peace Prize 2017.Centre Delàs. Centre Delàs. September 7, 2017[November 6,2018].(Nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đương vu 2019-04-18 ).
- ^Nordlinger, Jay.Peace, They Say: A History of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Most Famous and Controversial Prize in the World.Encounter. 2012:221.
- ^International Peace Bureau Awards Sean MacBride Peace Prize 2013.Pax Christi International. Pax Christi International.[November 6,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-05-07 ).
- ^Bosnian wins MacBride prize.The Irish Times(Dublin). August 27, 1996[November 7,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-10-01 ).
- ^MacBride Prize for Hume.The Irish Times(Dublin). October 14, 1998[November 7,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-09-22 ).
- ^Barbara Gladysch erhält den MacBride-Friedenspreis 1999 [Barbara Gladysch receives the MacBride Peace Prize 1999].Peace Forum (Bonn: Netzwerk Friedenskooperative (Network of the German Peace Movement)). Winter 1999[November 7,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2018-11-08 )( đức ngữ ).
- ^Peace Bureau to Award MacBride Prize to Indian Anti-Nuclear Activists.[7 November2018].(Nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đương vu 25 February 2004 ).
- ^Peace Bureau Awards Prize to Dr Rosalie Bertell.CADU News (Campaign Against Depleted Uranium). Winter 2001[November 7,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2021-08-21 ).
- ^Irwin, Abrams; Gungwu, Wang.Iraq War and Its Consequences, The: Thoughts of Nobel Peace Laureates and Eminent Scholars.World Scientific. 2003: 131[2022-08-05].ISBN9789814338103.( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2022-08-05 ).
- ^Mayors for Peace Receives Sean MacBride Peace Prize Awarded by the International Peace Bureau(IPB).Mayors for Peace. Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation.[November 7,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-09-30 ).
- ^UNU Council Chair Dhanapala Wins IPB Peace Prize.United Nations University. United Nations University. September 2007[November 7,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-06-23 ).
- ^Ms.Jacqueline Cabasso, the Mayors for Peace Coordinator in North America won 2008 Sean MacBride Peace Prize.Mayors for Peace. Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation. n.d.[November 7,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-09-30 ).
- ^International Peace Bureau Awards Pioneering Peace Educator, Dr. Betty A. Reardon, the 2009 Sean MacBride Peace Prize.[2018-11-07].(Nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đương vu 2010-07-13 ).
- ^Binalakshmi Nepram Receives Sean MacBride Peace Prize for 2010 in Oslo.Heinrich Böll Stiftung India. Heinrich Boell Foundation. September 23, 2010[November 7,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2021-09-20 ).
- ^Hanaa Edwar from the Iraqi Al-Amal Association Awarded the Sean MacBride Peace Prize 2011 by International Peace Bureau.[2018-11-07].(Nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đương vu 2012-08-15 ).
- ^International Peace Bureau awards the Sean MacBride PeacePrize 2011 to Hanaa Edwar (Iraqi women's rights and democracy activist) and Peter Becker (German anti-nuclear lawyer)(PDF).[2018-11-07].(Nguyên thủy nội dung(PDF)Tồn đương vu 2011-12-02 ).
- ^International Peace Bureau to Award 2012 Sean MacBride Peace Prize to Nawal El-Sadaawi (Egypt) and Lina Ben Mhenni (Tunisia).Action from Ireland. Action from Ireland. November 8, 2012[November 6,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2017-11-28 ).
- ^International Peace Bureau awards the Sean MacBride Peace Prize 2013 to US whistleblower Bradley Manning.Canadian Voice of Women for Peace. Canadian Voice of Women for Peace. July 23, 2013[November 6,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2018-11-07 ).
- ^MacBride Peace Prize to the Marshall Islands.Abolition 2000. Abolition 2000. August 5, 2014[November 6,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-06-23 ).
- ^International Peace Bureau to Award the 2015 Macbride Prize to Two Island Communities: Lampedusa (Italy) and Gangjeon Village, Jeju Island (S. Korea)(PDF).International Peace Bureau. International Peace Bureau. August 24, 2015[November 6,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đương(PDF)Vu 2018-11-07 ).
- ^IPB to Award Sean MacBride Peace Prize 2016 to Colin Archer.Pressenza.PressenzaQuốc tế thông tấn xã. November 11, 2016[November 6,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-06-22 ).
- ^Press Release: Seán MacBride Peace Prize 2018(PDF).International Peace Bureau. International Peace Bureau. September 12, 2018[November 11,2018].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đương(PDF)Vu 2020-09-28 ).
- ^Sean MacBride Peace Prize | IPB - International Peace Bureau.[2020-06-23].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-05-07 )( mỹ quốc anh ngữ ).
- ^Sean MacBride Peace Prize | IPB - International Peace Bureau.[2022-06-22].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2022-08-05 )( mỹ quốc anh ngữ ).
- ^43.043.143.243.343.443.543.6Structure | IPB - International Peace Bureau.[2020-06-09].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-05-08 )( mỹ quốc anh ngữ ).
- ^Nobel Peace Prize Laureates.International Peace Bureau.[2016-03-01].(Nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đương vu 2016-04-15 ).
- ^Structure | IPB – International Peace Bureau.[2020-06-22].( nguyên thủy nội dungTồn đươngVu 2020-05-08 )( mỹ quốc anh ngữ ).
- ^"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 1 Mar 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/themes/peace/lundestad-review/index.html(Hiệt diện tồn đương bị phân,Tồn vuHỗ liên võng đương án quán) >
Tham khảo văn hiến
[Biên tập]- Gobat, Albert, 《Développement du Bureau international permanent de la paix》 ( quốc tế hòa bình cục phát triển sử ), Bern, 1910 niên.
- Herz, Ulrich, 《The International Peace Bureau: History, Aims, Activities》 ( quốc tế hòa bình cục: Lịch sử, mục tiêu, hoạt động ). Geneva, 1969 niên.
- From Nobel Lectures, Peace 1901-1925, Editor Frederick W. Haberman, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1972.
- Gobat, Albert,Développement du Bureau international permanent de la paix.Bern, 1910.
- Herz, Ulrich,The International Peace Bureau: History, Aims, Activities.Geneva, 1969.
- FromNobel Lectures, Peace 1901-1925,Editor Frederick W. Haberman, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1972.
Ngoại bộ liên tiếp
[Biên tập]- Quan phương võng trạm
- GCOMS website(Hiệt diện tồn đương bị phân,Tồn vuHỗ liên võng đương án quán)
- International quốc tế hòa bình cục quan phương võng trạm(Hiệt diện tồn đương bị phân,Tồn vuHỗ liên võng đương án quán)
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