Ách đặc ốc cái · Roland
| Ách đặc ốc cái · Roland | |
|---|---|
Eötvös Loránd | |
 1912 năm | |
| Sinh ra | 1848 năm 7 nguyệt 27 ngày Hungary vương quốcBố đạt |
| Qua đời | 1919 năm 4 nguyệt 8 ngày( 70 tuổi ) Hungary Xô-Viết nước cộng hoàBudapest |
| Quốc tịch |  Hungary |
| Trường học cũ | Hải đức bảo đại học |
| Nổi danh với | Ách phữu hiệu ứng Ách phữu thực nghiệm Ách phữu số Eötvös rule |
| Phối ngẫu | Gizella Horvát |
| Nhi nữ | Jolán Rolanda Ilona |
| Khoa học kiếp sống | |
| Nghiên cứu lĩnh vực | Vật lý |
| Cơ cấu | Budapest đại học |
| Tiến sĩ đạo sư | Hermann Helmholtz[1] |
Ngói sa la cái não mai niNam tướcÁch đặc ốc cái · Roland · a qua cái đốn(Hungary ngữ:Báró vásárosnaményi Eötvös Loránd Ágoston,Phát âm:[ˈloraːnd ˈøtvøʃ];1848 năm 7 nguyệt 27 ngày —1919 năm 4 nguyệt 8 ngày ), lại xưngRoland · von · ách đặc ốc cái nam tước( Baron Roland von Eötvös[2]), tiếng Trung thường xưngÁch phữu[3],Hungary vương quốc Nội Các đại thần, hội nghị phó nghị trưởng,Hungary viện khoa họcViện trưởng, HungaryVật lý học gia.ỞDẫn lực,Sức căng bề mặt,Vặn bãiPhương diện cống hiến thật lớn.
In addition toEötvös Loránd University[4] and theEötvös Loránd Institute of Geophysicsin Hungary, theEötvös crateron the Moon,[5] the asteroid12301 Eötvösand the minerallorándite also bear his name, as well as peak (Cime Eotvos) in theDolomites.
Life
[Biên tập]Born in 1848, the year of theHungarian revolution,Eötvös was the son of theBaronJózsef Eötvösde Vásárosnamény (1813–1871), a well-known poet, writer, and liberal politician, who was cabinet minister at the time, and played an important part in 19th century Hungarian intellectual and political life. His mother was theHungarian noblelady Agnes Rosty de Barkócz (1825–1913), member of the illustrious noble familyRosty de Barkóczthat originally hailed from theVas county,and through this, he descended from the ancient medieval Hungarian noblePerneszy family,which died out in the 18th century. Loránd's uncle wasPál Rosty de Barkócz(1830–1874) was aHungarian nobleman,photographer,explorer,who visitedTexas,New Mexico,Mexico, Cuba and Venezuela between 1857 and 1859.
Loránd Eötvös first studied law, but soon switched to physics and went abroad to study inHeidelbergandKönigsberg.After earning his doctorate, he became a university professor inBudapestand played a leading part in Hungarian science for almost half a century. He gained international recognition first by his innovative work oncapillarity,then by his refined experimental methods and extensive field studies in gravity.
Eötvös is remembered today for his experimental work ongravity,in particular his study of the equivalence of gravitational and inertialmass(the so-calledweak equivalence principle) and his study of thegravitational gradienton the Earth's surface. The weak equivalence principle plays a prominent role inrelativity theoryand theEötvös experimentwas cited byAlbert Einsteinin his 1916 paperThe Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity.Measurements of the gravitational gradient are important in appliedgeophysics,such as the location of petroleum deposits. TheCGSunit for gravitational gradient is named theeotvosin his honor.
From 1886 until his death, Loránd Eötvös researched and taught in theUniversity of Budapest,which in 1950 was renamed after him(Eötvös Loránd University).
Eötvös is buried in theKerepesi Cemeteryin Budapest, Hungary.[6]
Torsion balance
[Biên tập]A variation of the earlier invention, thetorsion balance,theEötvös pendulum,designed by Hungarian Baron Loránd Eötvös, is a sensitive instrument for measuring the density of underlying rock strata. The device measures not only the direction of force of gravity, but the change in the force of gravity's extent in the horizontal plane. It determines the distribution of masses in the Earth's crust. The Eötvös torsion balance, an important instrument of geodesy and geophysics throughout the whole world, studies the Earth's physical properties. It is used for mine exploration, and also in the search for minerals, such as oil, coal and ores. The Eötvös pendulum was never patented, but after the demonstration of its accuracy and numerous visits to Hungary from abroad, several instruments were exported worldwide, and the richest oilfields in the United States were discovered by using it. The Eötvös pendulum was used to prove the equivalence of theinertial massand thegravitational massaccurately, as a response to the offer of a prize. This equivalence was used later byAlbert Einsteinin setting out the theory ofgeneral relativity.
This is how Eötvös describes his balance:
It was just a simple, straight stick that I used as instrument, specially loaded at both ends, enclosed into a metal sheath to protect it from the wind and temperature changes. Upon this stick every single mass, be it near or far, exerts a directing force; but the wire upon which it hangs resists, and whilst resisting it twists, with the degree of this twist showing us the exact magnitude of the forces acting upon the stick. This is a Coulomb balance, and that is all there is to it. It is simple, like the flute of Hamlet, you only have to know how to play on it, and just like the musician who can delight you with splendid variations, the physicist can, on this balance, with no less delight determine the finest variations of gravity. This way we can peer into such depth of the crust of the Earth, that neither our eyes, nor our longest drills could reach.[7][8]
One of Eötvös' assistants who later became a noted scientist wasRadó von Kövesligethy.
Honors
[Biên tập]To honor Eötvös, a postage stamp was issued by Hungary on 1 July 1932.[9]Another stamp was issued on 27 July 1948 to commemorate the centenary of the birth of the physicist.[10] Hungary issued a postage stamp on 31 January 1991.[11]
See also
[Biên tập]- Eotvos,a unit of gravitational gradient
- List of geophysicists
- Lorándite,a mineral named after Loránd Eötvös
| Quan hàm | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tiền nhiệm: Albin Csáky |
Minister of Religion and Education 1894–1895 |
Kế nhiệm: Gyula Wlassics |
| Văn hóa chức vụ | ||
| Tiền nhiệm giả: Ágoston Trefort |
President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1889–1905 |
Kế nhiệm giả: Albert Berzeviczy |
Template:Scientists whose names are used as non SI units Template:HungarianEducationMinisters
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tham khảo
[Biên tập]- ^Physics Tree – Hermann von Helmholtz Family Tree.[2022-12-15].( nguyên thủy nội dungLưu trữVới 2016-03-17 ).
- ^L. Bod, E. Fishbach, G. Marx, and Maria Náray-Ziegler:One hundred years of the Eötvös experiment(Giao diện lưu trữ sao lưu,Tồn vớiInternet hồ sơ quán), – Acta Physica Hungarica 69/3-4 (1991) 335–355
- ^Ngô giai cánh; Lưu Quang đỉnh.Ách phữu.Trung Quốc đại bách khoa toàn thưĐệ tam bản · internet bản. Trung Quốc đại bách khoa toàn thư nhà xuất bản. 2022-06-16[2024-04-12]( tiếng Trung ( Trung Quốc đại lục ) ).
- ^Brief History of ELTE,Eötvös Loránd University,[7 May2016],(Nguyên thủy nội dungLưu trữ với 7 May 2016 )
- ^Pickover, Clifford,Archimedes to Hawking: Laws of Science and the Great Minds Behind Them,Oxford University Press: 383, 2008,ISBN9780199792689.
- ^Seethis site(Giao diện lưu trữ sao lưu,Tồn vớiInternet hồ sơ quán) for a photograph of his gravesite.
- ^Ouellette, Jennifer.Free Fallin’: Equivalence Holds Even At Atomic Level.Scientific American. Scientific American, a Division of Nature America, Inc. May 28, 2014[23 July2022].( nguyên thủy nội dungLưu trữVới 2023-03-27 ).
- ^Roland Eötvös.Magnet Academy.[23 July2022].( nguyên thủy nội dungLưu trữVới 2022-12-15 ).
- ^colnect /en/stamps/stamp/141647-Baron_Loránd_Eötvös_1848-1919_physicist-Personalities-Hungary.
- ^colnect /en/stamps/stamp/179845-Baron_Lóránd_Eötvös_1848-1919_physicist-Lóránd_Eötvös-Hungary
- ^colnect /en/stamps/stamp/181792-Lóránd_Eötvös-People-Hungary
Kéo dài đọc
[Biên tập]- Antall, J., The Pest School of Medicine and the health policy of the Centralists. On the centenary of the death of József Eötvös, Orvosi Hetilap112(19), 1971,112(19): 1083–99 May 1971,PMID 4932574
Phần ngoài liên tiếp
[Biên tập]
Duy cơ cùng chung tài nguyênThượng tương quan nhiều truyền thông tài nguyên:Ách đặc ốc cái · Roland- Eötvös and STEP(Giao diện lưu trữ sao lưu,Tồn vớiInternet hồ sơ quán)(biographical remarks and a summary of his research)
- Eötvös Loránd Virtual Museum