Umchazatho

umChazathoiyisifundosenzululwaziyezakhikanye nokucondozakoTho.Iyisayensi yemvelo ecwaningaizinhlwaezakha uTho kuze kuyofika kwimxubeeyakhiwaamachwe,imizwayineziHonyo:Ukwakheka kwazo, uhlaka lwazo, izakhi zazo, ukucondoza kwazo kanye noshintsho ezidlula kulo ngesikhathizilumbananezinyeiziqa.

Ngokwesilinganiso sesihloko sawo, umChazatho ungena endaweni emaphakathikomChazandalononomChazampilo.Ngesinye isikhathi ubizwa ngokuthiyisayensiemaphakathi ngoba inikeza isiseko sokuqonda yomibili imikhakha yenzululwaziEyisisekelonenzululwazieSetshenziswayoezingeni eliyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, umChazatho uchaza izici zokukhula kwesitshalo(botany),ukubumbeka kwamatshe angenalutho (umChazazwe), ukuthi isiNtshongo(ozone)somoyambulunga sakhiwe kanjani nokuthi izinto ezingcolisa imvelo zonakaliswa kanjani uxhaxhamvelo(ecology),izakhi zenhlabathi enyangeni (cosmoikhemistri), ukuthi imithi yokwelapha isebenza kanjani (umchazamakhambipharmacology), nokuthi ungabuqoqa kanjani ubufakazibolibofuzoendaweni yobugebengu(Forensic).

uMsuka

Umsuka wegama lesizulu elithi "umchazatho" uvela encazelweni yalomkhakha wenzululwazi, ukufindwa kokucondoza kotho, okusho ukuthi kufundwa ngotho, kwenziwa imizamo yokuchaza uTho nezakhi zalo nokucondoza kwalo.

Izimiso zanamuhla

Ingqalaba yesikhungo se-Biochemistry,eNyuvesi yase-Cologne eJalimani

Unongo olukhona manje lezinhlaka zechwe lulandela unongo lobunguxa bomngako.Umchazatho ongokwesiko uqala ngesifundo sezinhlayiyamana eziyisiseko,amachwe,imizwayi,iziqa,izinkimbi,imincwebekanye nezinye izinhlanganiselazotho.UTho lungacwaningwaesimweniesinqumile, esiluketshezi, nesiluhowo, ngokuqhingwa noma ngokuhlanganyelwa. Ukwenanana, ukusabela nokuguquka okucwaningwa kumchazatho kuvame ukuba umphumela wokwenanana kwamachwe, okuholela ekuhlelekeni kabusha kwezibhonqi zevanga okuyizona ezibhonqa amachwe ndawonye. Ukucondoza okunjalo kuvame ukufundwa engqalabeni yomchazatho.

Ingqalaba yomchazatho ivame ukusebenzisa amagabha wengqalaba akhethekile. Kodwana, amagabha wengqalaba awayona ingqikithi yomchazatho, futhi miningi imigcanso yomchazatho eyenziwa ngaphandle kwawo.

Izibhunyela zeziqa ezisemagabheni, zihlanganisa izimunyu nezintuhla ezikhanyiswe ngemilobolobo

Ukusabela kwevanga kuwukuguquka kwezinye iziqa zibe ezinye ezihlukile.

uTho

Main article:UTho

Ngokomchazatho, uTho luchasiswa njenganoma yini enesisindo esiphumule nommumatho (edla indawo) futhi eyakhiwa izinhlayiyana.Izinhlayiyana ezakha uTho nazo zinesisindo esiphumule, – akuzona zonke izinhlayiyana ezinesisindo esiphumule,njengamabane.UTho lungaba yisiqa esicwebileyo noma iziqa ezixubene.

iChwe

Main article:IChwe

isifaniso sechwe ngokonongo lukaRutherford

IChweliwumuvo oyisiseko womchazatho. Luqukethe umnyondo olugqinsi obizwainuzi lechweelizungezwe umkhathi onefu lenzuba. INuzi lakhiwaizinelesiezinomlelesa ovumayonezintungeezingenawo umlelesa (kokubili kubizwa izintungesi), kuyilapho ifulenzubalona ligcwele izinzuba ezinomlelesa ophikayo.

iNhlwa

Umumo ovamile wecansi lezinhlwa zevanga. Imibala omelela izigceme ezihlukile zezinhlwa.

Main article:Inhlwa yevanga

Inhlwa yevanga yisiqa esicwebileyo esakhiwa uhlobo olulodwa lechwe, olwaziwa ngenani lalolezinelesienuzini lechwe, elaziwa ngokuthiinani lobuchwenelimelelwa uphawuZ.Inani lesisindo liyisamba senani lezinelesi nezintunge enuzini. Nakuba wonke amanuzi wamachwe wonke wenhlwa eyodwa anenani lobuchwe elifanayo, kungenzeka angabi nenani lesisindo elifanayo; amachwe wenhlwa anenani lesisindo elihlukile aziwa ngokuthiamaChembe.