Mysql备份还原
1、备份类型
热备份、温备份、冷备份 （根据服务器状态）
热备份：读、写不受影响；
温备份：仅可以执行读操作；
冷备份：离线备份；读、写操作均中止；
物理备份与逻辑备份 （从对象来分）
物理备份：复制数据文件；
逻辑备份：将数据导出至文本文件中；
完全备份、增量备份、差异备份 （从数据收集来分）
完全备份：备份全部数据；
增量备份：仅备份上次完全备份或增量备份以后变化的数据；
差异备份：仅备份上次完全备份以来变化的数据；
2、备份案例
mysqldump+binlog实现完全+增量备份
创建实验用数据库
mysql> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建学生表并加入实验数据
mysql> CREATE TABLE `Student` (
-> `Sno` int(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号', `Sname` varchar(16) NOT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
-> `Ssex` char(2) NOT NULL COMMENT '性别', `Sage` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '学生年龄',
-> `Sdept` varchar(16) DEFAULT 'NULL' COMMENT '学生所在系别', PRIMARY KEY (`Sno`)
-> ) ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from Student;
Empty set (0.01 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO `Student` VALUES (1, '陆亚', '男', 24, '计算机网络'),(2, 'tom', '男', 26, '英语'),(3, '张阳', '男', 21, '物流管理'), (4, 'alex', '女', 22, '电子商务');
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from Student;
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
| Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
| 1 | 陆亚 | 男 | 24 | 计算机网络 |
| 2 | tom | 男 | 26 | 英语 |
| 3 | 张阳 | 男 | 21 | 物流管理 |
| 4 | alex | 女 | 22 | 电子商务 |
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
完全备份：
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump --opt -B school > school.sql
[root@localhost ~]# ll
总用量 24044
-rw-------. 1 root root 997 4月 29 14:38 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24585268 2月 4 2023 haproxy
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2434 9月 4 13:57 school.sql
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 35 9月 3 15:03 shell_test
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 22174 6月 23 18:57 wget-log
mysql> show binary logs;
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size | Encrypted |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| binlog.000001 | 1256 | No |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
再次插入数据
mysql> INSERT INTO Student values(0005,'xumubin','男',29,'中文专业'),(0006,'wangzhao','男',21,'导弹专 业');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from Student;
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
| Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
| 1 | 陆亚 | 男 | 24 | 计算机网络 |
| 2 | tom | 男 | 26 | 英语 |
| 3 | 张阳 | 男 | 21 | 物流管理 |
| 4 | alex | 女 | 22 | 电子商务 |
| 5 | xumubin | 男 | 29 | 中文专业 |
| 6 | wangzhao | 男 | 21 | 导弹专业 |
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show binary logs;
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size | Encrypted |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| binlog.000001 | 1611 | No |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
假如此时数据库损坏：
mysql> drop database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
开始数据还原：
1.发现数据库异常，及时刷新日志并保存
# 此命令会立刻保存binlog.000001日志，生成binlog.000002日志来接替记录的工作
保留案发现场，打开日志来分析
mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show binary logs;
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size | Encrypted |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| binlog.000001 | 1842 | No |
| binlog.000002 | 157 | No |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.先还原完全备份
此时数据库中没有school库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> source ~/school.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| Student |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from Student;
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
| Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
| 1 | 陆亚 | 男 | 24 | 计算机网络 |
| 2 | tom | 男 | 26 | 英语 |
| 3 | 张阳 | 男 | 21 | 物流管理 |
| 4 | alex | 女 | 22 | 电子商务 |
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 可以发现通过完全备份还原，之前创建的表结构和数据都恢复了，但新插入的数据不存在，这就需要还原增量备份了
3.查看二进制日志
#注意5.7版本，insert语句已经加密，默认看不到，查看时加上选项 --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS -vv
##将binlog日志拷贝一份
[root@localhost ~]# cd /
[root@localhost /]# mkdir mysql_log
[root@localhost /]# cp /var/lib/mysql/binlog.000001 mysql_log/
# 查看二进制日志
使用mysqlbinlog
mysqlbinlog binlog.000001
#注意5.7版本，insert语句已经加密，默认看不到，查看时加上选项 --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS -vv
# at 1482
#240904 13:59:10 server id 1 end_log_pos 1580 CRC32 0x7e3fb4db Write_rows: table id 112 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`Student`
### SET
### @1=5 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @2='xumubin' /* VARSTRING(64) meta=64 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @3='男' /* STRING(8) meta=65032 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @4=29 /* TINYINT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @5='中文专业' /* VARSTRING(64) meta=64 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### INSERT INTO `school`.`Student`
### SET
### @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @2='wangzhao' /* VARSTRING(64) meta=64 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @3='男' /* STRING(8) meta=65032 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @4=21 /* TINYINT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @5='导弹专业' /* VARSTRING(64) meta=64 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
# at 1580
#240904 13:59:10 server id 1 end_log_pos 1611 CRC32 0xd77aeed5 Xid = 46
COMMIT/*!*/;
## 记录下我们插入新数据的时间点和提交该事务的时间点 基于时间点恢复
基于时间点增量恢复
[root@localhost mysql_log]# mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 --start-datetime="2024-09-04 13:59:10" --stop-datetime="2024-09-04 14:00:08" -r time1.sql
[root@localhost mysql_log]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 1842 9月 4 14:05 binlog.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2892 9月 4 14:16 time1.sql
mysql> source /mysql_log/time1.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from Student;
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
| Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
| 1 | 陆亚 | 男 | 24 | 计算机网络 |
| 2 | tom | 男 | 26 | 英语 |
| 3 | 张阳 | 男 | 21 | 物流管理 |
| 4 | alex | 女 | 22 | 电子商务 |
| 5 | xumubin | 男 | 29 | 中文专业 |
| 6 | wangzhao | 男 | 21 | 导弹专业 |
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
### 可以看到数据恢复成功
基于binlog gtid特性进行恢复
binlog日志的GTID新特性
1、 GTID 介绍
- 什么是GTID
GTID(Global Transaction ID)，全局事务标识符。是对于一个已提交事务的编号，并且是一个全局唯一的编号。
它是MySQL 5.6加入的一个强大特性，目的在于能够实现主从自动定位和切换，而不像以前需要指定文件和位置。
GTID的格式与存储
单个GTID
GTID与主库上提交的每个事务相关联。此标识符不仅对发起事务的库是唯一的，而且在给定复制拓扑中的所有库中都是唯一的。GTID用冒号分隔的一对坐标表示，例如：
8eed0f5b-6f9b-11e9-94a9-005056a57a4e:23
前一部分是主库的server_uuid，后面一部分是主库上按提交事务的顺序确定的序列号，提交的事务序号从1开始。
GTID = server_uuid ：transaction_id
GTID集
GTID集是包括一个或多个单个GTID或GTID范围的集合。源自同一服务器的一系列GTID可以折叠为单个表达式，例如：
8eed0f5b-6f9b-11e9-94a9-005056a57a4e:1-321
上面的示例表示源自server_uuid为8eed0f5b-6f9b-11e9-94a9-005056a57a4e服务器的第1到第321个事务。源自同一服务器的多个单GTID或GTID范围可以同时包含在由冒号分隔的单个表达式中，例如：
8eed0f5b-6f9b-11e9-94a9-005056a57a4e:1-3:11:47-49
3）mysql.gtid_executed表
mysql.gtid_executed表结构如下：
mysql> desc mysql.gtid_executed;
+----------------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| source_uuid | char(36) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| interval_start | bigint(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| interval_end | bigint(20) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
mysql.gtid_executed表记录的是服务器上已经执行事务的GTID。三个字段分别表示发起事务的服务器UUID、UUID集的起始和结束事务ID。对于单个GTID，后两个字段的值相同。
- 版本支持
5.6 版本新加的特性,5.7中做了加强
5.6 中不开启,没有这个功能.
5.7 中的GTID,即使不开也会有自动生成
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘ANONYMOUS’
mysql> show variables like '%gtid%';
+----------------------------------+-----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------+-----------+
| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | ON |
| enforce_gtid_consistency | OFF |
| gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000 |
| gtid_mode | OFF |
| gtid_next | AUTOMATIC |
| gtid_owned | |
| gtid_purged | |
| session_track_gtids | OFF |
+----------------------------------+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
- 如何开启
还未开启前不会显示当前事务的gtid
[root@localhost mysql_log]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf
##在mysql-server.cnf 文件里加入一下两行
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
#重启mysql服务，进行查看
[root@localhost mysql_log]# systemctl restart mysqld
DDL和DML语句查看gtid
DDL一个语句产生一个gtid
mysql> create database db3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
## 可以看到，能够看到gtid，已经由于mysql服务重启，所以binlog日志又创新创建了一个
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 339 | | | 0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:1 |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> create table t2 (id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 532 | | | 0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:1-2 |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table t1 (id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 725 | | | 0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:1-3 |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
DML一个事务产生一个gtid
mysql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 values(2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 1092 | | | 0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:1-4 |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
基于GTID进行查看binlog
mysql> SHOW BINLOG EVENTS IN 'binlog.000003';
+---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 126 | Server ver: 8.0.36, Binlog ver: 4 |
| binlog.000003 | 126 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 157 | |
| binlog.000003 | 157 | Gtid | 1 | 234 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:1' |
| binlog.000003 | 234 | Query | 1 | 339 | create database db3 /* xid=6 */ |
| binlog.000003 | 339 | Gtid | 1 | 416 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:2' |
| binlog.000003 | 416 | Query | 1 | 532 | use `school`; create table t2 (id int) /* xid=9 */ |
| binlog.000003 | 532 | Gtid | 1 | 609 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:3' |
| binlog.000003 | 609 | Query | 1 | 725 | use `school`; create table t1 (id int) /* xid=11 */ |
| binlog.000003 | 725 | Gtid | 1 | 804 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:4' |
| binlog.000003 | 804 | Query | 1 | 881 | BEGIN |
| binlog.000003 | 881 | Table_map | 1 | 931 | table_id: 92 (school.t1) |
| binlog.000003 | 931 | Write_rows | 1 | 971 | table_id: 92 flags: STMT_END_F |
| binlog.000003 | 971 | Table_map | 1 | 1021 | table_id: 92 (school.t1) |
| binlog.000003 | 1021 | Write_rows | 1 | 1061 | table_id: 92 flags: STMT_END_F |
| binlog.000003 | 1061 | Xid | 1 | 1092 | COMMIT /* xid=14 */ |
+---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
具备GTID后,截取查看某些事务日志:
–include-gtids
–exclude-gtids
示例：
第一次操作：
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 1092 | | | 0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:1-4 |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database gtid;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use gtid
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
第二次操作
mysql> create table t2(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into t2 values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
第三次操作：
mysql> create table t3(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t3 values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_gtid |
+----------------+
| t1 |
| t2 |
| t3 |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
## 此时模拟误删数据库
mysql> drop database gtid;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.02 sec)
使用binlog日志恢复误删除的gitd数据库。
首先要确定gtid的起始和结束。
#从binlog.000003开始分别flush log了两次，因此binlog.000003记录了第一次操作，binlog.000004记录了第二次操作，binlog.000005记录了第三次操作以及误删操作
mysql> show binary logs;
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size | Encrypted |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| binlog.000001 | 1842 | No |
| binlog.000002 | 2456 | No |
| binlog.000003 | 1782 | No |
| binlog.000004 | 702 | No |
| binlog.000005 | 839 | No |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
确定起始位置：
mysql> show binlog events in 'binlog.000003';
+---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 126 | Server ver: 8.0.36, Binlog ver: 4 |
| binlog.000003 | 126 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 157 | |
| binlog.000003 | 157 | Gtid | 1 | 234 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:1' |
| binlog.000003 | 234 | Query | 1 | 339 | create database db3 /* xid=6 */ |
| binlog.000003 | 339 | Gtid | 1 | 416 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:2' |
| binlog.000003 | 416 | Query | 1 | 532 | use `school`; create table t2 (id int) /* xid=9 */ |
| binlog.000003 | 532 | Gtid | 1 | 609 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:3' |
| binlog.000003 | 609 | Query | 1 | 725 | use `school`; create table t1 (id int) /* xid=11 */ |
| binlog.000003 | 725 | Gtid | 1 | 804 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:4' |
| binlog.000003 | 804 | Query | 1 | 881 | BEGIN |
| binlog.000003 | 881 | Table_map | 1 | 931 | table_id: 92 (school.t1) |
| binlog.000003 | 931 | Write_rows | 1 | 971 | table_id: 92 flags: STMT_END_F |
| binlog.000003 | 971 | Table_map | 1 | 1021 | table_id: 92 (school.t1) |
| binlog.000003 | 1021 | Write_rows | 1 | 1061 | table_id: 92 flags: STMT_END_F |
| binlog.000003 | 1061 | Xid | 1 | 1092 | COMMIT /* xid=14 */ |
| binlog.000003 | 1092 | Gtid | 1 | 1169 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:5' |
| binlog.000003 | 1169 | Query | 1 | 1277 | create database gtid /* xid=21 */ |
| binlog.000003 | 1277 | Gtid | 1 | 1354 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:6' |
| binlog.000003 | 1354 | Query | 1 | 1465 | use `gtid`; create table t1(id int) /* xid=26 */ |
| binlog.000003 | 1465 | Gtid | 1 | 1544 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:7' |
| binlog.000003 | 1544 | Query | 1 | 1619 | BEGIN |
| binlog.000003 | 1619 | Table_map | 1 | 1667 | table_id: 93 (gtid.t1) |
| binlog.000003 | 1667 | Write_rows | 1 | 1707 | table_id: 93 flags: STMT_END_F |
| binlog.000003 | 1707 | Xid | 1 | 1738 | COMMIT /* xid=28 */ |
| binlog.000003 | 1738 | Rotate | 1 | 1782 | binlog.000004;pos=4 |
+---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
25 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看到起始的gitid号为binlog.000003日志中的5
文件：binlog.000003
gtid:0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:5
| binlog.000003 | 1092 | Gtid | 1 | 1169 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:5' |
| binlog.000003 | 1169 | Query | 1 | 1277 | create database gtid /* xid=21 */
查看结束：
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000005 | 839 | | | 0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:1-12 |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show binlog events in 'binlog.000005';
+---------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+---------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000005 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 126 | Server ver: 8.0.36, Binlog ver: 4 |
| binlog.000005 | 126 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 197 | 0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:1-9 |
| binlog.000005 | 197 | Gtid | 1 | 274 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:10' |
| binlog.000005 | 274 | Query | 1 | 385 | use `gtid`; create table t3(id int) /* xid=36 */ |
| binlog.000005 | 385 | Gtid | 1 | 464 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:11' |
| binlog.000005 | 464 | Query | 1 | 539 | BEGIN |
| binlog.000005 | 539 | Table_map | 1 | 587 | table_id: 95 (gtid.t3) |
| binlog.000005 | 587 | Write_rows | 1 | 627 | table_id: 95 flags: STMT_END_F |
| binlog.000005 | 627 | Xid | 1 | 658 | COMMIT /* xid=38 */ |
| binlog.000005 | 658 | Gtid | 1 | 735 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:12' |
| binlog.000005 | 735 | Query | 1 | 839 | drop database gtid /* xid=41 */ |
+---------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
确认结束giid为binlog.000005日志的11
文件：binlog.000005
gtid:0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:11
| binlog.000005 | 385 | Gtid | 1 | 464 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:11' |
| binlog.000005 | 464 | Query | 1 | 539 | BEGIN |
| binlog.000005 | 539 | Table_map | 1 | 587 | table_id: 95 (gtid.t3) |
| binlog.000005 | 587 | Write_rows | 1 | 627 | table_id: 95 flags: STMT_END_F |
| binlog.000005 | 627 | Xid | 1 | 658 | COMMIT /* xid=38 */
开始恢复，生成sql文件
binlog使用gtid截取日志
确定起始范围：5-11
文件：binlog.000003 binlog.000004 binlog.000005
[root@localhost mysql_log]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# mysqlbinlog --include-gtids='0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:5-11' binlog.000003 binlog.000004 binlog.000005 -r /mysql_log/gtid1.sql
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /mysql_log/
[root@localhost mysql_log]# ll
总用量 20
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 1842 9月 4 14:05 binlog.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 10768 9月 4 14:52 gtid1.sql
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2892 9月 4 14:16 time1.sql
最后，使用binlog日志恢复
mysql> set sql_log_bin=0; #设为0后，在Master数据库上执行的语句都不记录binlog
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> source /mysql_log/gtid1.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
## 发现中间出现了这个错误
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
#并且数据库gtid也不存在
mysql> show databases like 'gtid';
Empty set (0.00 sec)
原因：GTID幂等性。
开启GTID后,MySQL恢复Binlog时,重复GTID的事务不会再执行了
就想恢复?怎么办? 在命令后面加上–skip-gtids
接着上面，截取日志时添加–skip-gtids。
[root@localhost mysql]# mysqlbinlog --skip-gtids --include-gtids='0b058611-6a82-11ef-b2ef-000c298fa5fd:5-11' binlog.000003 binlog.000004 binlog.000005 -r /mysql_log/gtid2.sql
mysql> show databases like 'gtid';
+-----------------+
| Database (gtid) |
+-----------------+
| gtid |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from gtid.t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
## 此时数据完全恢复
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