spring boot 单元测试JUnit5使用MockMvc调用get请求,post请求,设置head请求头,解析返回值json和字符串

spring boot 单元测试JUnit5使用MockMvc调用get/post接口

源码地址：https://gitcode.net/qq_39339588/springboot.git

1. 先准备一份controller,一会儿供测试调用

package space.goldchen.springboot.test;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import space.goldchen.springboot.entity.User;

/**
 * 使用mockMvc 调用get/post请求地址
 * @author chenzhao
 * @create 2023-05-29 16:33
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/mvcTest")
public class MvcTestController {

    /**
     * get请求接口
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping
    public String testGet(){
        return "get";
    }

    /**
     * post请求接口
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping
    public User testPost(@RequestBody User user){
        return user;
    }

    /**
     * getById 请求
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("byId")
    public String testGetById(Integer id){
        return "get:"+id;
    }
}

2. MockMvc测试调用get请求接口

两个注解说明

@SpringBootTest // 加测试类上，标明是测试的类

@AutoConfigureMockMvc // 支持对MockMvc对象的注入和配置，测试get/post请求

测试get请求，传参json,添加请求头header，打印请求和响应

package space.goldchen.springboot.test;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import space.goldchen.springboot.entity.User;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * 单元测试：测试调用controller接口请求
 *
 * @author chenzhao
 * @create 2023-05-29 16:37
 */
@SpringBootTest
//不用启动项目也可以调用MockMvc测试get/post请求
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class MvcTestControllerTest {
    @Resource
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Resource
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    /**
     * 测试get请求，传参json,添加请求头header，打印请求和响应
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    void testGet() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/mvcTest")
                // 可以添加请求头
                .content("{\"username\":\"goldchen\",\"password\":\"123456\"}")
                .header("Authorization", "Bearer ..."))
                // .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                // .content("2"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn();
    }
}

3. MockMvc测试调用get带参数请求接口

测试get请求，地址栏传参和param传参都行，添加请求头header，获取响应中的String字符串字段，打印请求响应结果

package space.goldchen.springboot.test;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import space.goldchen.springboot.entity.User;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * 单元测试：测试调用controller接口请求
 *
 * @author chenzhao
 * @create 2023-05-29 16:37
 */
@SpringBootTest
//不用启动项目也可以调用MockMvc测试get/post请求
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class MvcTestControllerTest {
    @Resource
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Resource
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    /**
     * 测试get请求，地址栏传参和param传参都行，添加请求头header，获取响应中的String字符串字段，打印请求响应结果
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    void testGetById() throws Exception {
        int id = 1;
        mockMvc
                //地址栏传参和param传参都行
                .perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/mvcTest/byId?id=" + id)
                        .header("Authorization", "Bearer ...")
                        .param("id", "" + id)
                        .content("12")
                )
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                // 返回结果中取值，并且去比较
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("get:" + id))
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn();
    }
}

4. MockMvc测试调用post请求接口

测试post请求，传参json,添加请求头header，获取响应中的json字段，打印请求响应结果

package space.goldchen.springboot.test;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import space.goldchen.springboot.entity.User;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * 单元测试：测试调用controller接口请求
 *
 * @author chenzhao
 * @create 2023-05-29 16:37
 */
@SpringBootTest
//不用启动项目也可以调用MockMvc测试get/post请求
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class MvcTestControllerTest {
    @Resource
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Resource
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    /**
     * 测试post请求，传参json,添加请求头header，获取响应中的json字段，打印请求响应结果
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    void testPost() throws Exception {
        // json数据封装
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("goldchen");
        user.setPassword("123456");
        String contentString = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        // 接收处理结果
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/mvcTest")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                // 也可以手写json
                // .content("{\"username\":\"goldchen\",\"password\":\"123456\"}"))
                .content(contentString))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                // 可以取出 json的字段值
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.username")
                        .value("goldchen"))
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()).andReturn();

        // 获取响应结果
        MockHttpServletResponse response = mvcResult.getResponse();
        // 打印作为字符串
        System.out.println(response.getContentAsString());
    }
}