Linux驱动编写流程

预备知识

1、应用程序怎样调用到驱动？

• 应用程序运行在用户空间，用户空间不能直接对内核进行操作
• 因此，必须使用一个叫做系统调用的方法来实现从用户空间“陷入”到内核空间，这样才能实现对底层驱动的操作。
• 并且，应用程序使用到的函数在具体驱动程序中都有与之对应的函数，即内核提供的file_operations结构体

函数调用过程：

file_operations

• 此结构体就是 Linux 内核驱动操作函数集合

struct file_operations {
	struct module *owner;
	loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
	ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*read_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
	ssize_t (*write_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
	int (*iterate) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
	unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
	long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
	int (*mremap)(struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
	int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
	int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int datasync);
	int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
	int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
	int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
	ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
	unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
	int (*check_flags)(int);
	int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
	ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
	ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
	int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **, void **);
	long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,
			  loff_t len);
	void (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f);
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
	unsigned (*mmap_capabilities)(struct file *);
#endif

2、谁来调用驱动程序？

• 答：入口程序！
• 安装驱动程序时，就会自动调用入口程序
• 入口程序用__init修饰
• 相对应的还有出口函数，出口函数用__exit修饰

3、设备号

• 目的：为了管理这些设备
• 作用：
  • 主设备号：用来区分不同种类的设备
  • 次设备号：用来区分同一类型的多个设备

4、printf的孪生：printk

介绍这二者的区别网上有很多。总而言之：
- print函数在内核态，printf函数在用户态

总结

1. 确定设备号
2. 定义自己的file_operations结构体
3. 在入口函数中，把file_operations结构体告诉内核，完成驱动注册
4. 相应地，编写出口函数
5. 完善