FM全球公司

出自 MBA智库百科(https://wiki.mbalib.com/)

本条目包含过多不是中文的内容，欢迎协助翻译。 若已有相当内容译为中文，可迳自去除本模板。

FM全球公司网站网址：http://www.fmglobal.com

　　FM全球公司是世界上最大的工商业保险公司之一，FM全球公司通过其所属的FM认证（FM Approvals）机构向全球的工业及商业产品提供检测及认证服务。FM认证的证书在全球范围内被普遍承认，而且FM全球公司的保险客户也更倾向于使用通过了FM认证的产品，它向消费者表明该产品或服务已经通过美国和国际最高标准的检测。FM认证机构也是欧洲以外唯一能够直接对消防产品颁发CE标识的机构。

　　FM全球公司是工商业保险公司，由此FM认证的经营理念也与众不同，其结合了保险和工程技术服务，通过工程技术服务来提供资产防损的解决方案，也就是为什么FM认证也同样支持FM保险存在的价值理念。

　　FM始于1897年，其客户覆盖全球132个国家，全球共计有10多万个保险项目。其在中国约有18年的历史，主要服务于在中国投资的FM全球保险客户。近几年中国的消防行业发展迅速，FM中国消防厂商也是越来越多，于是FM成立了中国办公室，以更好地服务于中国的FM生产厂商。

　　FM拥有：轻危险实验室、水系统实验室、大型火灾实验室、电器实验室、研究实验室、建筑材料实验室等多个专业的实验室。FM所提供的检测认证服务项目包括：产品认证： FM向防火器材、电子电器设备、危险场所设施、火场勘测、信号设备、建筑材料等产品的生产商颁发认证证书；标准检测：FM向生产商提供产品单一特性的标准检测服务；ISO 9000注册：FM是ISO 9000的注册机构，可以为企业进行ISO 9000体系审核。

FM Global is a U.S.-based insurance company, with offices worldwide, that specializes in loss prevention services primarily to large corporations throughout the world in the Highly Protected Risk (HPR) property insurance market sector. FM Global has been named the "Best Property Insurer in the World” by Euromoney Magazine

The company employs a non-traditional business model consisting of:

• The provision of only HPR property insurance, rather than providing other types of insurance or consulting services independently.
• The provision of services either directly to their clients, or through insurance brokers.
• Mutual ownership, allowing management to take a long term approach to strategic planning. A mutual company is owned by the companies which are insured. This form of private ownership buffers monetary performance from short term impacts (i.e., unlike publicly owned companies, which may have to react quickly to quarterly or yearly stock losses).
• The belief that all property losses can be prevented or mitigated. This leads to loss research and advice to clients emphasizing the changes to operations and facilities to mitigate the effects of specific hazards. FM Global encourages clients to make improvements to their property or work practices in an attempt to reduce risks and minimize financial impact to the customer and insurance company if a loss occurs. As such, the goal of the relationship between FM Global and each company that is insured is to agree to long term risks which are commensurate with risks taken by other similar companies insured by FM Global.

History

During the depression of 1835, Zachariah Allen, a prominent textile mill owner, attempted to reduce the insurance premium on his Rhode Island, USA, mill by making property improvements that he believed would minimize the damage in case of fire. At that time, insurance premium increases for losses were shared among all insureds, regardless of individual loss history. The concept of loss prevention and control was virtually unheard of at the time. To Allen, a proactive approach to preventing losses made good economic sense.

After making considerable improvements to his mill, Allen requested a reduction in his premium, but was denied. He called upon other local textile mill owners who shared his loss prevention philosophy to create a mutual insurance company that would only insure factories with lower risks. This approach should result in fewer losses and smaller premium payments. Whatever premium remained at the end of the year would be returned to policyholders in the form of dividends. The group agreed, and by year's end, formed the Manufacturers Mutual Fire Insurance Company, the oldest predecessor of FM Global.

During the company's first 14 years, the mill owners and mutual policyholders of Manufacturers Mutual enjoyed an average 50-percent reduction in premium compared with what other insurance companies were charging. The fire prevention methods they developed, monitored by regular fire inspections for mill policyholders, resulted in fewer losses. Despite its initial success, one problem remained for the pioneer mutual insurance company: a single mutual insurance company could not withstand the financial cost of the loss of an entire plant. More insurance capacity was needed, so in 1848, Allen formed another mutual insurance company, Rhode Island Mutual.

Expansion

In 1850, Boston Manufacturers Mutual Fire Insurance Company, the third-oldest FM Global predecessor, was created when Allen convinced a Boston merchant with significant cotton-mill ownership to form his own mutual insurance company with like-minded Boston mill owners. Throughout the next 20 years, other mutual insurance companies were added to the group roster. Together, these companies and the ones that later evolved soon became known as the Associated Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Companies, or the Factory Mutuals, for short.

Loss information helped identify specific industry hazards and was used in developing loss control recommendations for policyholders in similar industries. Such information was shared among all the Factory Mutual (FM) insurance companies, and was utilized by the inspection teams. As the FM companies grew, however, the inspection workload became difficult to manage. By 1878, the FM companies formed a dedicated unit to handle the collective inspection activities for all the FM policyholders. This unique group of loss control specialists initially provided only inspection services. The group later began performing appraisals and adjustments, loss analysis and research activities associated with preventing fire and other hazards in order to benefit the mutual insurance company owners and their policyholders. Today, all of these services remain components to FM Global in the form of engineering and research.

The FM companies' main interests in the late 1800s and early 1900s remained focused on researching and developing products or techniques that would help mitigate property risks and advance the efforts of property conservation. In 1874, a revolutionary form of loss control entered the loss prevention scene: the fire sprinkler. While the invention was designed and later perfected by entities outside the FM realm, FM's support and promotion of the product aided in its eventual widespread use and acceptance.

The 20th Century

The beginning of the 20th century brought significant change to the FM companies. Where once the mutual insurance companies focused primarily on the familiar business of textiles primarily within the Northeast region of the United States, new companies began to form that sought business beyond the traditional geographical boundaries. These mutuals began branching out into other industries, such as shoe and rubber manufacturers, foundries and light, gas and power companies, while still maintaining their preference for low-risk properties.

During the next 75 to 80 years, the need for more comprehensive policyholder coverage grew, forcing a series of consolidations among the FM companies. By 1987, 42 separate mutual insurance companies had become three: Allendale Mutual Insurance Company, Johnston, R.I., USA; Arkwright Mutual Insurance Company, Waltham, Mass., USA; and Protection Mutual Insurance Company, Park Ridge, Ill., USA. The three separate organizations found it difficult to deliver competitively priced, value-added engineering services in a marketplace full of increasing competition and a demand for more challenging property protection programs. The three companies were sharing the resources of an inspection group, yet were competing with one another for customers. In order to reduce competition and costs, in 1998 the CEOs announced their intent to merge the three companies to create FM Global. The merger was completed in 1999.

FM Global Today

FM Global is an international property insurance and loss prevention engineering company with US$4.3 billion of in-force premium (FY2006), US$5.2 billion in policyholders' surplus (FY2006), with clients in more than 100 countries.

Current FM Global clients do not necessarily receive lower premiums upon completion of loss prevention recommendations. Although a mutual company, FM Global charges some clients the market driven rate resulting from competitive pressures comparable to private insurance companies. However, other positive aspects may result from risk reduction, such as better insurance terms for limits or capacity, and avoidance of loss of market share, loss of workforce, and reduced production down time.

FM Global Research

FM Global’s 1,600 acre (648 ha) Research Campus[3] in West Glocester, R.I., USA, conducts testing in fire and explosion hazards, hazards detection and protection technology, natural disasters (flooding, wind damage, etc.), electrical hazards, and automatic sprinkler hydraulics. These tests range from witnessing the difference in how products burn to how construction components perform in hurricane conditions.

　　产品认证范围包括：

　　消防部门：自动喷淋系统、阀门和消防栓、管道和管道连接件、消防泵和控制器、水喷雾系统、灭火器、防回流装置、可燃液体和可燃气体防护设备。

　　建筑材料部门：屋面系统、夹心板及三文治板/屋面板、洁净室建筑材料、冷却塔及空气处理设备、管道和风管、电线电缆、防火堵材、泄爆阀和泄爆墙、防火门和门框、阻燃液压油。

　　电器部门：危险环境中使用的防爆电器、电伴热系统、应急安全切断阀门、燃气燃油安全控制装置、探测器和报警系统、电气报警设备、功能性安全设备。

　　商家选择FM认证，就等于进入了FM全球保险项目的市场，进入全球市场，同时使自己的产品有别于没有经过认证的产品，即增加了产品的实力，又节省了进入市场的时间。FM认证为商家减少了认证成本，减少了内部成本，减少了审核次数，把审核结合起来（FM Approvals，CPD，ATEX，IECEx，ISO），容易修改产品设计；减少产品生产周期的成本。

• FM认证